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Innate Immunity Via Glycan-Binding Lectin Receptors

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Glycobiology of Innate Immunology

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Abstract

Recognition of glycans and transfer of information contained in the glycan structures are performed by carbohydrate-recognizing proteins of lectins or GAG-recognizing proteins. Lectins bind to N-glycans, O-glycans, and GSLs, while GAG-binding proteins easily bind sulfated GAGs. Lectin receptors are innate immune receptors and include Siglec, C-type lectin, galectin, DC-SIGN, and TLRs in DCs during pathogenic infection and immune tolerogenic homeostasis. The CTL roles are to directly recognize invaders of microbes and also contribute to opsonic effect via activation of complement pathways. Innate immune cells survey their habitat to recognize pathogens by means of PRRs, where PRRs selectively bind PAMPs. PAMPs are heterogeneous and homogeneous mannose oligomers and polymers, β-glucans, and chitins in the fungi surface as well as carbohydrate moieties including GlcNAc derivatives in bacteria. Innate immunity system represents our first host defense line where the innate pattern recognition receptors/molecules (PRRs/PRMs) encounter, recognize, and bind conserved motifs of microbial invaders or PAMPs. Therefore, the PRRs/PRMs function as the initiator of innate immunity to microbial invaders. Upon interaction with their invading pattern molecules as ligands, PRRs/PRMs enter into signal transduction pathways and activate diverse downstream kinases and transcription factors to lead to inflammatory response and immune responses, depending on defense circumstances. For example, LPS, CpG DNA, dsRNA, ssRNA, rRNA, or pathogenic surface glycans bind TLR4, TLR9, TLR3, TLR7/TLR8, or TLR13 to elicit expression of cytokines of type I IFN/TNF-α/IL-6, which are inflammatory.

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  1. Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Lab, Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Suwon, Korea (Republic of)

    Cheorl-Ho Kim

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Kim, CH. (2022). Innate Immunity Via Glycan-Binding Lectin Receptors. In: Glycobiology of Innate Immunology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9081-5_6

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