The Dunhuang Manuscripts—An Encyclopaedic Treasure

Liu, Jinbao

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9073-0_4

Jinbao Liu⁴

Part of the book series: Qizhen Humanities and Social Sciences Library ((QHSSL))

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A correction to this publication are available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9073-0_6

Abstract

The Dunhuang manuscripts around 60,000 volumes are collected by scores of libraries and museums from more than a dozen countries. Most manuscripts are kept in British National Library in London, the French National Library in Paris, the Oriental Documents Institute of Russian Science Academy in St. Petersburg and the Chinese National Library in Beijing, which explains why London, Paris, St. Petersburg and Beijing are called four collection centres of Dunhuang manuscripts in the world. In addition, some are owned by private collectors, most of which are known to the world. The manuscripts are in various languages with great content, which is regarded as the “encyclopedia” of ancient Chinese society.

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03 June 2022
In the original version of the book, the following belated corrections have been made.

Notes

1.
Wang Yongxing: <Dunhuang and Turpan documents and the study of Tang history>. Wenshi Zhishi, No. 6, 1985.
2.
For the study of this manuscript, refer to Li Jinxiu: < Textual research of the “Damaged manuscript of the East Palace officials order in the Yonghui years” and a discussion on the change of the official establishment of the eastern palace in the early Tang Dynasty>. See the author’s A Brief Essay on the History of Tang Dynasty Institutions, China University of Political Science snd Law Press, 1988.
3.
Liu Junwen: Textual Research on Legal Documents of Tang Dynasty from Dunhuang and Turpan. Zhonghua Book Company, 1989. p. 198.
4.
Book of Jin, vol. 26: “Treatise on Food and Commodities”, p. 790.
5.
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6.
Collections of Administrative System in Tang Dynasty (唐六典), vol. 3: “Xian Ling Zhi Zhi”(“县令之职”). p. 75.
7.
Wang Yongxing: <Dunhuang and Turpan documents and the study of Tang history>. Wenshi Zhishi, No. 6, 1985.
8.
Liu Jinbao: <Chang He and the politics of the late Sui and early Tang dynasties>. Journal of Chinese Historical Studies, No. 3, 1983.
9.
Picture sees French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents (vol. 17). Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2001, pp. 53–56.
10.
Chen Yinka: <On the So-called ‘Shandong Heroes’ in the Late Sui and Early Tang Dynasties>, Jinmingguan Conggao Chubian, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 1980.
11.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 4. Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1991, pp. 134–135.
12.
Old Book of Tang, vol. 6: “Biography of Queen zetan (zetan Huanghou Ji)”, p. 121.
13.
Old Book of Tang, Vol. 138: “Biography of Wu Chengsi, Biography of Consort kin (attached Xue Huaiyi)”, p. 4742.
14.
Bian Xiaoxuan & Shao Wenshi: <The value of historical research in Dunhuang literary works>. Collected in Dunhuang Studies in the 100 years: history, status quo, and trend. They were edited by Liu Jinbao, pp. 251–253.
15.
Chai Jianhong: <Reading notes on the Huang Shiqiang’s Biography in Dunhuang manuscripts>. They were collected in Studies on Dunhuang Language and Literature, Peking University Press, 1988. See same author: Collected works on Dunhuang and Turpan Studies, Zhejiang Education Publishing House, 2000.
16.
[Tang] Li Jifu au., He Cijun annotation, Yuanhe Maps and Records of Prefectures and Counties, vol. 40. Zhonghua Book Company, 1983. p. 1025.
17.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. Two, Sichuan People’s Publishing House, 1990, p. 164.
18.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, Vol. 26. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2002, p. 158.
19.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. Five, Sichuan People’s Publishing House, 1991, p. 44.
20.
Chen Guocan: <Dunhuang Turpan Documents and the Study on WeiJin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Tang Dynasty>. Research Newsletter of the Dunhuang Turpan Society of China, No. 1, 1986.
21.
Jiang Boqin: <Tudi Kao>, Journal of Dunhuang Studies, No. 1, 1981.
22.
Historical Records of the Five Dynasties, vol. 138: “Biography of Tubo”, p. 1840. New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 74: “Biography of Tubo”, p. 915.
23.
Picture sees: Isobe Akira Edit, Nakamurahusetsu collected Yuyu Moshu Jicheng(禹域墨書集成) in Taito kuritsu Calligraphy museum, No. 003 of vol. I, Items for Research Funds for Special Fields studies of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology “Studies on Eastern Asian Publishing Culture”, General Team, 2005, p. 25.
24.
The regnal year name Ganlu was used by Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty (53–50 B.C.), Cao Wei (256–260), Wu (265–266), and Fujian of Former Qin Dynasty (359–364). From the history of Dunhuang and Mogao Grottoes, the former Qin Fu Jian is the most likely, but it can not be fully explained. Refer to Ikeda On's collection of ancient Chinese manuscripts, p. 76, Institute of Oriental Culture, Tokyo University, 1990; Zhou Yiliang's “three pieces of postscript Dunhuang manuscripts: Faju Jing and Faju Biyu Jing”, initially published in the collection of papers commemorating the 50th anniversary of Peking University, 1948. The quoted passage is according to Zhao Heping's complete works of Zhou Yiliang, the third edition, history of Buddhism and Dunhuang studies, pp. 348–349, higher education press, 2015.
25.
Huang Yongwu Gen. Ed. Dunhuang Treasures, vol. 6 Shin Wen Feng Print Co., Taipei, 1981, p. 530.
26.
Fang Guangchang: <Brahmajāla Bodhisattva śīla Sūtra>, Collected in Ji Xianlin Gen. Ed. Dunhuang Studies Dictionary. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, 1988, p. 709.
27.
Picture sees Dunhuang documents collected in Russia, Vol. 1. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 1992, p. 322.
28.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 4, Sichuan People's Publishing House, 2001, p. 21.
29.
Yuan Deshong: <A brief introduction of Buddhist Documents in Dunhuang Manuscripts>. Dunhuang Studies, No. 1, 1988.
30.
The Chinese character 藏 is a polyphone word, i.e. it is pronounced “can”, as in collect, hide, hide books; it is also pronounced “zang”, as in treasure(Baozang), Dazang sutra, Sanzang. In the Da Zang Jing [Chinese Buddhist canon], the character “藏” is pronounced zang, which initially meant “a place for storing things”, as in “treasures”. According to scholars, the character “藏” is a Sanskrit word for “treasure”. Therefore the “zang” is a translation of the Sanskrit word, which originally referred to a bamboo box for holding things and meant to contain a collection. It also refers to the collection of Buddhist classics. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Buddhist canon was referred to as the “All Sutras”, but after the Sui Dynasty, it became known as the “Dazang Sutra” (also referred to as the “Great Collection”).
31.
Fang Guangchang: <Jingmingjing Guanzhozng Shicao>. Ji Xianlin Gen. Ed. Dunhuang Studies Dictionary. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, 1988, p. 667.
32.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, Vol. 5, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 1977, pp. 138–149.
33.
Fang Guangchang: <Buddhist Documents in Dunhuang Manuscripts>. Wenshi Shishi, No. 10, 1988.
34.
Zhou Pixian: <A Brief Examination of the Dunhuang Buddhist Scriptures>. Journal of Dunhuang Studies, No. 2, 1987.
35.
Fang Guangchang: < Buddhist Documents in Dunhuang Manuscripts>. Wenshi zhishi, 1988, No. 10.
36.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 10, Sichuan People’s Publishing House, 1994, p. 46.
37.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 5, Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1994, p. 46.
38.
Zhou Pixian: <A Brief Examination of the Dunhuang Buddhist Scriptures>. Journal of Dunhuang Studies, No. 2, 1987.
39.
Jiang Boqin: <Stimulate each other of Buddhist and Taoism: Taoism in Dunhuang>. Research on Chinese Taoism Culture, vol. 13, p. 26.
40.
Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 181: “The 6th year of the Emperor Yang of Sui dynasty”. p. 5650.
41.
Ye Guoliang: A study on the Manuscripts and Vocabulary of Taoist classics from Dunhuang. Bashu Book House, 2007.
42.
Ye Guoliang: A study on the Manuscripts and Vocabulary of Taoist classics from Dunhuang. Bashu Book House, 2007, p. 58.
43.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 13. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2000, p. 86.
44.
Picture sees Shanghai Library Collections of Dunhuang and Turpan Documents, vol. 4. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 1999. p. 125.
45.
Jiang Liangfu: <The Value of Dunhuang Scriptures in Chinese Culture and Academic Research>, Thinking magazine, No. 1, 1981.
46.
Liu Yi: <A new exploration of the fragmentary manuscripts of the 10-volume Dunhuang text of the “Laozi Huahujing”>. They were collected in Rong Xinjiang ed.:Studies on the Tang dynasty, vol. 2, Peking University Press, 1986.
47.
Wan Yi: <Transcription and Explanation of Dunhuang Taoist Manuscripts “Ben Ji Jing”>, collected in “Taoist Cultural Studies”, vol. 13: “Special issue of Dunhuang Taoist Manuscripts”. SDX Joint Publishing Company, 1998.
48.
[Song] Zan Ning au. Fu Shiping annotation: Brief History of the Song dynasty monk Annotation. Zhonghua Book Company, 2015. p. 217.
49.
Rong Xinjiang: <The Race and Religious Beliefs of An lushan>, same author’s Medieval China and Foreign Civilization, SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2001.
50.
Old Book of Tang, vol. 18: “Biography of Wuzong”, p. 606.
51.
Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 248, annotation of Hu Sanxing. p. 8016.
52.
This paragraph is mainly based on the article <A Brief Introduction to three Persian religions Policy in the Tang Dynasty> by Lin Wushu and initially published in the 4th volume of “ Studies on the Tang dynasty” edited by Rong Xinjiang, Peking University Press, 1998. Reference to Lin Wushu: <Restudy of Nestoriusism in the Tang Dynasty>, China Social Sciences Press, 2003.
53.
Daqin, also known as Fulin, is the ancient Chinese name for the Roman Empire or the Near East, especially Syria, Iran and Azerbaijan area.
54.
About the original copy and a detailed discussion of the seven Nestorianism documents, see Jiang Wenhan: Christianity in Ancient China and the Jews in Kaifeng, Knowledge Press, 1982.
55.
Picture sees French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 28, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2004, p. 357.
56.
[Britain]A. C. Moule au., Hao Zhenhua translation Christians in China Before the Year 1550, Zhonghua Book Company, 1984.
57.
Takeda Science Foundation, Kyo-U Library ed. Secret Classics from Dunhuang-Picture vol. 1, pp. 129–132. Takeda Science Foundation. 2009.
58.
Chen Zenghui: <A Textual Research and Explanation of the Dunhuang Nestorianism Manuscripts “Zhi Xuan An Le Jing”>. Collected Works of 1983 National Dunhuang Academic Symposium, the volume of Literature and History(II), Gansu People's Publishing House, 1987.
59.
Lin Wushu: <Doubts about the authenticity of the Nestorianism manuscripts “Xu Ting Mi Shi Suo Jing” of Takakusu collection>, collected in the same author: Restudies on the Nestorianism of the Tang dynasty. China Social Sciences Press, 2003.
60.
Takeda Science Foundation, Kyo-U Library ed. Secret Classics from Dunhuang-Picture vol. 5, p. 397. Takeda Science Foundation. 2011. Rong Xinjiang’s point that Daqin Jingjiao Xuan Yuan Ben Jing and 羽431 Xuan Yuan Ben Jing are two different manuscripts. In that case, the Dunhuang Nestorianism manuscripts are 8. See Rong Xinjiang: <The Authenticity and falsity of the Dunhuang Nestorianism manuscripts>, collected in Zhang Xiaogui ed. The study of three Persian religions—Collection of Mr Lin Wushu’s birth seventieth-anniversary Commemorative Essays. Lanzhou University Press, 2014.
61.
Li Wushu, Rong Xinjiang: <The Discrimination for the falsity of two so-called Dunhuang Nestorianism manuscripts in Li’s old collection>. Chinese Culture Quarterly, No. 4 of vol. 4, Special issue of Dunhuang Studies, April, 1992. Chen Huaiyu: <The supplementary instruction for the discrimination of the falsity of two so-called Dunhuang Nestorianism manuscripts>. Collected in Rong Xinjiang ed. “Studies on the Tang dynasty”, vol. 3. Peking University Press, 1997. Rong Xinjiang: <The Authenticity and falsity of the Dunhuang Nestorianism manuscripts>.
62.
About the original copy and a detailed discussion of the three Manichaeism documents, Lin Wushu: Manichaeism and its eastward spread, Zhonghua Book Company, 1987.
63.
Guoxue Jikan, No. 2, vol. 1.
64.
Wenshi Series 21, Zhonghua Book Company, 1983.
65.
Tong Dian (Collections of the laws and Regulations), vol. 40: “Officials, 22”, p. 1103.
66.
Lin Wushu: <Manichaeism and its eastward spread>, Zhonghua Book Company, 1987, p. 171.
67.
Zhan Yi annotation: Annotation for the An account of travel to the five Indian kingdoms. [Tang] Hyecho au. Zhonghua Book Company, 1994, p. 118.
68.
Xin Deyong Compilation and Annotation: Compilation and Annotation for the Notes of two capitals, vol. 3. [Tang]Wei Shu au. Sanqin Publishing House, 2006, p. 34.
69.
Xin Deyong Compilation and Annotation: Records of Chang’an City, vol. 9. [Song]Song Minqiu au. Sanqin Publishing House, 2013, p. 309.
70.
Li Jianchao Updated: Update the examination of the urban block of the two capitals of the Tang dynasty. [Qing]Xu Song au. Sanqin Publishing House, 2006, p. 366.
71.
Chen Yuan: Collection of Academic Essays of Chen Yuan. Zhonghua Book Company, 1980. p. 316.
72.
Luo Feng: <Sabao: A Re-examination of the Only Foreign Official Position in the Tang Dynasty>. Collected in Rong Xinjiang ed. “Studies on the Tang dynasty”, vol. 4. Peking University Press, 1998. See Luo Fen: Between Hu and Han—the Silk Road and Historical Archaeology in Northwest China. Cultural Relics Publishing House, 2004.
73.
Jiang Boqin: <The origin and development of the Sabaofu system—A textual analysis of Sogdian epitaphs written in Chinese>, collected in Rao Zongyi ed. Hua Xue, Series 3. The Forbidden City Publishing House(Now: The Gugong Publishing House), 1998.
74.
Ikeda On: <The Sogdia village community of Dunhuang in the middle of the eighth century>. See Ikeda On: Selected Papers of the Studies on the Tang dynasty, China Social Sciences Press, 1999, p. 40.
75.
Li Zhengyu: An Annotation and textual studies on the Eight kinds of ancient Dunhuang local chorography. Gansu People’s Press, 2008, p. 52.
76.
Jiang Boqin: <The Hu Tian offer Sacrifice in Gaochang and the Zoroastrian temple in Dunhuang>, See Jiang Boqin: Dunhuang art based religious practices and its propriety and music civilization. China Social Sciences Press, 1996, p. 499.
77.
Jiang Boqin: <The Hu Tian offer Sacrifice in Gaochang and the Zoroastrian temple in Dunhuang>, See Jiang Boqin: Dunhuang art based religious practices and its propriety and music civilization. China Social Sciences Press, 1996, p. 499.
78.
Zhou Shaoliang: <An elementary opinion on Dunhuang Literature>, collected in Social Science(Gansu), 1988. No. 1; Yan Tingling ed. Dunhuang Literature, Gansu People’s Press, 1989; Yan Tingling ed. General Introduction on Dunhuang Literature, Gansu People’s Press, 1993.
79.
Fictions Monthly Magazine, vol. 20, No. 3.
80.
Published by Pu Press(朴社), 1932, 10.
81.
The Commercial Press, 1938.8.
82.
Bai Huawen: <Bianwen and Sujiang>, collected in Wenshi zhishi, No. 8, 1988.
83.
Jiang Boqin: <The south source of the Bianwen and the Sutra Interpretation Master (Changdao Fajiang) in Dunhuang>; See Jiang Boqin: Dunhuang art based religious practices and its propriety and music civilization. China Social Sciences Press, 1996, pp. 399–400.
84.
YanTingliang ed. Dunhuang Literature-Bianwen(Actual writing: Zhang Hongxun), Gansu People’s Press, 1989.
85.
Bai Huawen: <What is the Bianwen>, see: Zhou ShaoliangBai Huawen ed. Collected Papers of Dunhuang Bianwen, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 1982.
86.
Zhang Xiahou: <On the Transformation of Dunhuang Bianwen from Religion to Literature>, Collected in Literary Criticism Series, Series 18,1993.
87.
Wang Zhongmin: <Study on the Dunhuang Bianwen>, collected in Collected Papers of Dunhuang Manuscripts, Zhonghua Book Company, 1984.
88.
Zheng Zhenduo: History of Chinese Popular Literature, Chapter 6 “Bianwen”.The Commercial Press, 1938.
89.
Zhangxihou: <An Examining and Expounding On Dunhuang Poetry>, Journal of Dunhuang Studies, 1989.
90.
Xiang Chu: <Preface of the Introduction to Dunhuang Poetry>, Shin Wen Feng Print Co., Taipei, 1993.
91.
The book mainly references Zhangxihou: <An Examining and Expounding On Dunhuang Poetry> and Xiang Chu: Introduction to Dunhuang Poetry. Author’s Special Note.
92.
Picture sees French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 15, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2001, pp. 334–340.
93.
Chen Guocan: <A New Probe into the Historical Background of 59 Innominate Poems in Dunhuang>, (Journal of the Dunhuang and Turpan Studies, vol. 2.) Chen believes it belongs to the Jinshan Kingdom period.
94.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 16, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2001, p. 170.
95.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 26, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2002, p. 158.
96.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 4, Sichuan People’s Publishing House, 1991, p. 5.
97.
Picture sees French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 34, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2005, p. 11.
98.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 13, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2000, p. 135.
99.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 16, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2001, p. 327.
100.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 3, Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1991, pp. 292–298.
101.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 10, Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1994, p. 180.
102.
Picture sees French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 24, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2002, pp. 49–50.
103.
Picture sees: British Collections of Dunhuang Documents (The parts apart from the Chinese Buddhist sutras), vol. 2 Sichuan People’s Publishing House, 1990, p. 141.
104.
Xiang Chu: Introduction to Dunhuang Poetry, Shin Wen Feng Print Co., Taipei, 1993, pp. 107–108.
105.
Picture sees: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 26, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2002, p. 52.
106.
Luo Zhenyu: Lost Books of the Mingsha Stone Room-Original and Continuing Version. Beijing Library Press, 2004, p. 46.
107.
[Five Dynasties] Sun Guangxian: Bei Meng Suo Yan, vol. 6: “Entertain yourself with lyrics”, See The Great View of the Notes Fictions in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2000, p. 1856.
108.
[Song] Wang Zhuo: Biji Manzhi, vol. 1: “Variations on the lyrics”. Bashu Book House, 2000, p. 3.
109.
[Song] Shen Kuo: Dream Pool Essays(Meng Xi Bi Tan),vol. 5: “Musical temperament (I)”, Tushu Jicheng Chubian, Zhonghua Book Company, 1985. p. 30.
110.
Zhang Jing: <On the origin of the Ci (词)>. Wenshi zhishi, No. 9, 1990.
111.
Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 1987.
112.
Wang Zhongmin: A Descriptive Narration of the Dunhuang Rhythmic Poetry (Quiz Ci), The Commercial Press, 1956.
113.
Picture see: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 21, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2002, pp. 351–352.
114.
Picture see: French Collections of Dunhuang and Western Regions Documents, vol. 21, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Co., Ltd, 2002, pp. 351–352.
115.
Geng (更)—a unit of timekeeping in ancient China. The Chinese ancients divided a night into five Geng(更). Each Geng(更) is two hours. The first Geng (更) is from 19:00 to 21:00, the second Geng(更) is from 21:00 to 23:00, and the others are from 23:00 to 01:00. (Translator note).
116.
Wang Jinyu: Dunhuang Studies and History of Science and Technology. Gansu education press, 2001.
117.
Ma Shichang: <The Dating of the Dunhuang Star Atlas>, Collected in Works of 1983 National Dunhuang Academic Symposium, the volume of Literature and History(I), Gansu People’s Publishing House, 1987.
118.
Xiang Da: <A Notes of the Western Expedition>. See Xiang Da: Chang’ an and Western Regions Civilization in the Tang Dynasty.
119.
This section mainly referenced Deng Wenkuan: <The Calendar in the Dunhuang Documents> Wenshi Zhishi, No. 8, 1988.
120.
This section mainly referenced Shu Yue: <A Summary of the Woodblock printing Materials in Dunhuang Chinese Texts Manuscripts>. It was collected in Studies on Dunhuang Language and Literature, Peking University Press, 1998.
121.
Su Ya: <The earliest extant engraved printing work found in China. “The Dahe 8th Year of the Tang dynasty Jiayin year (834) Calendar date with notes”>, China Cultural Relics News, Feb. 2nd, 2000.

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Jinbao Liu

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Liu, J. (2022). The Dunhuang Manuscripts—An Encyclopaedic Treasure. In: The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies. Qizhen Humanities and Social Sciences Library. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9073-0_4

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9073-0_4
Published: 26 March 2022
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
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