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Peritoneal Tuberculosis

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Book cover Tuberculosis of the Gastrointestinal system

Abstract

Peritoneal tuberculosis (PTB) is a common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection. It is prevalent worldwide, though more often seen in countries with high tuberculosis burden; its incidence is rising in other parts of the world due to migration and emergence of immunosuppressant diseases and therapies. The nonspecific nature of its symptoms mimicking other diseases poses diagnostic challenges. Identifying risk factors and a history of contact or prior history of tuberculosis aid in diagnosis. Having a high index of suspicion is essential to investigate with the most appropriate diagnostic test. Ascites is present in most patients and biochemistry of the fluid is suggestive but not diagnostic. Computed tomography of the abdomen better delineates PTB than other modalities of investigation, with the ability to access tissue for culture and histology. Positive cultures are the gold standard; however, sensitivity remains low despite improvement in techniques. Biomarkers like adenosine deaminase improve diagnostic ability and, along with laparoscopy both for visual diagnosis and for obtaining tissue, should be incorporated in the investigative tools. A combination of good history and investigative tools will generally clinch the diagnosis. Any delay in diagnosis can cause significant morbidity leading to prolonged hospitalization and surgery. Prompt diagnosis with early initiation of therapy is effective, although multi-drug resistance is an emerging concern. This chapter provides a timely review and discusses in detail the different relevant aspects of PTB, including the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, current diagnostic tools, and therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology, King Abdallah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Kareem. Shariff & Adnan Alzanbagi

  2. Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Faisal M. Sanai

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  1. Mohammed Kareem. Shariff
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  2. Adnan Alzanbagi
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  3. Faisal M. Sanai
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Correspondence to Faisal M. Sanai .

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  1. Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Vishal Sharma

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Shariff, M.K., Alzanbagi, A., Sanai, F.M. (2022). Peritoneal Tuberculosis. In: Sharma, V. (eds) Tuberculosis of the Gastrointestinal system. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9053-2_10

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