Abstract
In wind energy conversion system (WECS), the power from the blowing wind is converted to a suitable form. In most of the cases, this power is utilized to generate electricity, and in a few applications, windmill is installed for pumping purpose. In electricity installations, a dedicated wind turbine fitted with necessary accessories such as gear, generator, nacelle, brake system and yaw controller converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical one. Mostly, AC generators are utilized in WECS applications. In earlier days, asynchronous generators were in use. However, in the present scenario, synchronous machines, particularly permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), are mostly used in wind energy applications. For small-scale applications, output of the WECS is converted to DC through suitable rectifier. However, due to the uncertainty in the wind flow, the power output in such a case scenario is unregulated one and cannot be applied to any load due to huge fluctuation. In this aspect, a power electronic converter is cascaded before the load and the power obtained from WECS is regulated and applied to the load. This application may find its usefulness particularly in coastal areas where abundant wind flow is available and can be efficiently utilized to run charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs). In the present study, a small-scale application of PMSG-based WECS is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment along with a DC load system. Output of the WECS is converter to DC through diode bridge rectifier, and then, the unregulated power is regulated by a boost converter. This converter is controlled by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller which works on hill climbing algorithm so that maximum power can be extracted from such a system. The controller controls the duty ratio of the boost converter so that the system nearly extracts maximum power.
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Abbreviations
- \(P_{{\text{tur}}}\) :
-
Mechanical output of turbine, W
- \(\rho\) :
-
Air density, kg/m3
- \(A\) :
-
Turbine swept area, m2
- \(C_{\text{p}}\) :
-
Power coefficient
- \(\lambda\) :
-
Tip–speed ratio
- \(\beta\) :
-
Pitch angle, °
- \(v_{\text{w}}\) :
-
Velocity of wind, m/s
- \(\omega_{\text{t}}\) :
-
Rotational speed of wind turbine, rad/s
- \(r_{\text{t}}\) :
-
Blade radius, m
- \(c_1\) :
-
Characteristic constant = 0.5176
- \(c_2\) :
-
Constant = 116
- \(c_3\) :
-
Constant = 0.4
- \(c_4\) :
-
Constant = 5
- \(c_5\) :
-
Constant = 21
- \(c_6\) :
-
Constant = 0.0068
- \(V_{\text{d}} ,V_{\text{q}}\) :
-
\(d - q\) stator voltage components, respectively, V
- \(i_{\text{d}} ,i_{\text{q}}\) :
-
\(d - q\) stator current components, respectively, A
- \(R_{\text{s}}\) :
-
Stator resistance
- \(\omega_{\text{e}}\) :
-
Angular speed of rotor, rad/s
- \(L_{\text{d}} ,L_{\text{q}}\) :
-
\(d - q\) axis stator inductance, respectively, H
- \(\psi_{\text{d}} ,\psi_{\text{q}}\) :
-
\(d - q\) stator flux linkage, respectively
- \(\psi_{{\text{pm}}}\) :
-
Permanent magnet flux linkage
- \(P\) :
-
Number of pole pairs
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Ghoshal, S., Banerjee, S., Chanda, C.K. (2022). Modeling and Performance Evaluation of MPPT-Based PMSG Wind Energy Conversion System with Boost Converter in MATLAB/Simulink Environment. In: Panda, G., Naayagi, R.T., Mishra, S. (eds) Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements. Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9033-4_2
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