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Prospects and Advances in the Management of Coconut Wood Borers

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Science of Wood Degradation and its Protection

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Abstract

Coconut is considered as the “Tree of Life” and is one of the most important crops for the Asia and Pacific region providing food, nutrition, and livelihood to millions of coconut farmers in the region. In the major coconut-producing countries, bulk of their coconut products are exported, and hence, coconut cultivation and industry play a pivotal role for the growth of their economies. Flooring items are in high demand in Asia, America, and Europe. The senile or overgrown coconut trees provide a good raw material basis for the manufacture of lumber and other products used for construction and furniture. With a vast demand for wood and a depleting forest resource, India relies heavily on imported wood to meet its different wood product needs. However, the development of viable coconut wood-based industries is mostly determined by the structure and composition of the raw material, processing technique, and the location and availability of over mature, diseased, and dead stems. Being evergreen with a unique morphology, the coconut palm provides shelter and food for a wide array of arthropod borer pests and their natural enemies. Insect pests like rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. and red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) are the main biotic constraints hampering coconut production by causing 30% yield loss. The borer pests are reported to cause irreversible damage to frond, trunk, and stem in the coconut palm, while some species are associated with nuts and emerging inflorescence. Their nature and severity of the problems, however, vary with the height of the cultivars, location, weather, and cultural practices. The palm wood should be free of pest damage and suitable for building applications when it gets senile if integrated pest management measures against main pests in the standing crop are implemented in a timely manner. This chapter summarizes the current updates on pest dynamics and management tactics including monitoring, agrotechnical measures, biological control, semiochemical-based control, and chemical control. The implementation of integrated pest management strategies against major pests, based on the abovementioned tactics, is discussed in detail. In addition, training and educating the farmers are expected to play a central role in area-wide IPM of major coconut pests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala, India

    M. Sujithra, M. Rajkumar & Sachin Pai

  2. Division of Germplasm, Conservation and Utilization, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    K. Selvaraj

Authors
  1. M. Sujithra
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  2. M. Rajkumar
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  3. Sachin Pai
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  4. K. Selvaraj
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Correspondence to M. Sujithra .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Protection Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    R. Sundararaj

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Sujithra, M., Rajkumar, M., Pai, S., Selvaraj, K. (2022). Prospects and Advances in the Management of Coconut Wood Borers. In: Sundararaj, R. (eds) Science of Wood Degradation and its Protection. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8797-6_7

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