Changes in the Agrochemical Indicators of Light Gray Forest Soil and the Yield of Grain Crops During the Rotation of Crop Rotation Under the Influence of Various Systems of Its Processing in the Conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka Region

Abstract

The main purpose of the research is to study the effect of fertilizers in the rotation of the seven-pole grain crop rotation and straw destructors in various systems of processing light gray forest soil on the productivity of grain crops and changes in soil fertility. The research was carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in the 2014–2020 years. The studied tillage systems, the applied fertilizers, and straw destructors contributed to a decrease in the humus content by 0.03–0.24% compared to the initial indicator of its content during the field experiment, to a deficit-free balance of mobile phosphorus, with an increase in its content according to options by 35.0–89.8 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium with an increase in its content according to options by 24.2–85.6 mg/kg in comparison with the initial data. No-till technology allows reducing the loss of humus in comparison with the steel studied tillage systems. It was revealed that deep soil cultivation systems, carried out by a plough with dumps and without them, provide the highest productivity of crop rotation −15.93 and 15.97 t/ha f.u., i.e., 5.47–0.18 t/ha higher than for other studied field experiments. The use of mineral doses (N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀) increases the productivity of crop rotation by 7.16–16.51 t/ha f.u., compared to the natural fertility of the soil. The use of Stimix®Niva, like a straw destructor, contributes to an increase in the productivity of crop rotation on natural soil fertility (by 1.01 t/ha f.u.) and against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ (by 0.04 t/ha f.u.).