Abstract
We have been confronted with too many contradictions, oppositions, or paradoxes in our daily lives inside us, around us and even beyond us. Previously, from a dichotomous perspective, such emerging paradoxes were considered only as negative and destructive forces. The authors challenge this traditional view, because there appears the resilience or negative capability that constructive outcomes can be developed. Whether constructive or destructive outcomes appear depends on how we deal with paradoxes. Actually, in the history, paradoxes and even unpredicted failures have been the mother of creativity. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, most of us, even uninfected people, not only live in the shattered outside world, but also suffer the mental illness in the inside world because of lower social resources, lower economic resources, and so on. The previous Chapters dealt with how to integrate shattered outside world based on the self-nonself circulation theory of life. The remedy was clear: it was necessary to consider multiple issues together rather than step by step. Then, the present Chapter not only discusses how the same theory can provide us with a better understanding of the mental problems arising inside us, but also describes how it can work in a practical way during nursing.
The Nature is living because it is there that life is present in all its degrees and because its study demands the integration of lived experience.… The study of living Nature asks for a new methodology—transdisciplinary methodology—which is different from the methodology of modern science and from the methodology of the ancient science of being.
—Basarab Nicolescu
“Manifesto of Transdisciplinarity” p. 64
State University of New York Press, 2002
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- 1.
Health, Labor and Welfare Statistics Association (2009).
- 2.
There is one study which focused on one nurse who had given nursing care to three patients who have a risk factor for depression after being cerebral vascular disease (Sato, 2007). However, in that study, there is limitation on its application in a clinical setting in the following two points; (1) target patients are limited to whom have cerebral vascular disease, (2) what revealed on the targeted nurse’s cognition was mainly acquired from the view of assessment and there is no explanation on how the meaning of the sickness and suffering experience relate to his/her life.
- 3.
- 4.
In the previous chapters, we intensively discussed the problem “What is Life?” In this chapter, however, we will discuss additionally two other problems: “What is Death?” and “What is Cognition?”, because all of them are merely the different facets of the same emergent phenomena of life itself and thus they are closely related to each other.
- 5.
Death or aging has been understood as a progressive process or an intra-individual evolutionary process, corresponding to the destruction of the emergent properties of the various levels characterizing the complexity of the entire organism (Murase 1996, 2000). The death of a living organism has been thus described in terms of “neg-emergence” (see Capra and Luisi 2014, p. 139).
- 6.
Stephen Hill mentioned, through the personal communication on February 21 in 2021, “attacking an emergent problem will construct another problem”. This strongly suggests how such an emergent problem seems to be “alive”. Concerning this point, Hollnagel (2021) mentioned “Socio-technical systems are active rather than passive, i.e., they try to understand us as we try to understand them”, simply because we as humans are part of these systems.
- 7.
This is a sort of co-evolution between the individual’s mental patterns (or parts) and the changing environment (or a whole).
- 8.
Ironically, a higher level of organization performance is often short-lived. A successful change seems to involve paradoxical capability, for it intend to keep the elevated level frozen or unchanged. But here is the origin of our problems how to survive our shattered world and how to integrate our shattered mind, which will be discussed in the rest of this chapter.
- 9.
This is also a sort of co-evolution between disciplinary studies (or parts) and transdisciplinary research (or a whole).
- 10.
Negative capability could be not only the method to reach the truth, but also the skill in art, religion, business and so on to enter completely into other worlds, other minds or personality (see Cornish, 2011).
- 11.
This is a condition of living self here and now. Collapsing self contains denial of existence and redeveloping self contains affirmation of existence.
- 12.
This is circulating inharmonic body and harmonic mind–body, closely related with the living self here and now, which is swinging between disintegrating self and reorganizing self.
- 13.
This is a circulation factor of limit of energy and increase in energy that patients acquire during activity, transforming relationships with others from introvert relationship to extrovert relationship, or vice versa.
- 14.
This is a circulation of the characteristic cognition for patients that introverted and extroverted relationships are in confrontational coexistence.
- 15.
This is a history of the patient’s life. Past life contains review and future life contains hope for life.
- 16.
Note that the labeled characteristics from ① to ⑤ correspond to 5 NECTE processes, respectively.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Stephen Hill for his continuous encouragements and invaluable discussions. A part of the current work was conducted by the project of Kokoro Research Center at Kyoto University approved in 2021, whose project leader is Masatoshi Mursae.
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Appendix
Appendix
See Tables 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4.
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Murase, T., Murase, M. (2022). A Case Study of the Self-nonself Circulation Principle in Action: Toward a New Synthesis Beyond Division Between Inside and Outside World in Nursing. In: Hill, S., Yagi, T., Yamash’ta, S. (eds) The Kyoto Post-COVID Manifesto For Global Economics. Creative Economy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8566-8_12
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