Abstract
The corpus spongiosum is a spongy tissue that surrounds the urethra. Historically, spongiosum in hypospadias was considered as fibrous tissue and one of the causes of chordee. Traditionally, spongiosum was resected to correct the chordee with or without dorsal plication in moderate to severe hypospadias. However, with TIPU’s increasing popularity as the most commonly performed procedure, various healthy tissues have been interposed. The tissues are dorsal/lateral/ventral based dartos flap, scrotal dartos, de-epithelized local penile skin, inner prepucial dartos flap, preputial flap, paraurethral tissue, spongiosum, and tunica vaginalis flaps. Although the spongiosum is a healthy vascular tissue and spongioplasty reconstructs the near-normal urethra with minimal complications, but it is still less frequently used. Spongioplasty improves the results of hypospadias repair including re-operative cases and flap urethroplasty. Since the spongiosum is part of the urethra, so attempts should be made to preserve and utilize the spongiosum in hypospadias repair.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bhat A. General considerations in hypospadias surgery. Indian J Urol. 2008;24(2):188.
Beaudoin S, Delaage P-H, Bargy F. Anatomical basis of surgical repair of hypospadias by spongioplasty. Surg Radiol Anat. 2000;22(3–4):139–41.
Yerkes EB, Adams MC, Miller DA, Pope JC, Rink RC, Brock JW. Y-to-I wrap: use of the distal spongiosum for hypospadias repair. J Urol. 2000;163(5):1536–9.
Dodat H, Landry JL, Szwarc C, Culem S, Murat FJ, Dubois R. Spongioplasty and separation of the corpora cavernosa for hypospadias repair. BJU Int. 2003;91(6):528–31.
Gallo CB, Costa WS, Furriel A, Bastos AL, Sampaio FJ. Modifications of erectile tissue components in the penis during the fetal period. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e106409.
Bhat A, Singla M, Bhat M, Sabharwal K, Kumar V, Upadhayay R, Saran RK. Comparison of results of TIPU repair for hypospadias with “Spongioplasty alone” and “Spongioplasty with dorsal dartos flap”. Open J Urol. 2014;4(5):41–8.
Snodgrass W, Patterson K, Plaire JC, Grady R, Mitchell ME. Histology of the urethral plate: implications for hypospadias repair. J Urol. 2000;164(3 Part 2):988–90.
Bhat A, Sabharwal K, Bhat M, Saran R, Singla M, Kumar V. Outcome of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with spongioplasty alone as additional tissue cover: a prospective study. Indian J Urol. 2014;30(4):392.
Zhang B, Bi Y, Ruan S. Reconstructing forked corpus spongiosum to correct glans droop in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(5):0300060520925698.
Snodgrass W. A farewell to chordee. J Urol. 2007;178(3):753–4.
Mouriquand P, Mure P-Y. Hypospadias. In: Puri P, Höllwarth M, editors. Pediatric surgery. Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 529–42.
Orkiszewski M. A standardized classification of hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol. 2012;8(4):410–4.
Bhat A, Bhat M, Kumar R, Bhat A. Double breasting spongioplasty in tubularized/tubularized incise plate urethroplasty: a new technique. Indian J Urol. 2017;33(1):58.
Bhat A, Bhat M, Sabharwal K, Kumar R. Bhat’s modifications of Glassberg–Duckett repair to reduce complications in management severe hypospadias with curvature. Afr J Urol. 2017;23(2):94–9.
Bhat A, Saxena G, Prajapat P, Arya M, Patni M. Telescoping of skin tube and urethra to reduce fistula rate in one stage hypospadias repair. Bju International-Supplement. 2002;90(2):67–8.
Bhat A. Extended urethral mobilization in incised plate urethroplasty for severe hypospadias: a variation in technique to improve chordee correction. J Urol. 2007;178(3):1031–5.
Almodhen F, Alzahrani A, Jednak R, Capolicchio JP, El Sherbiny MT. Nonstented tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with Y-to-I spongioplasty in non–toilet trained children. Can Urol Assoc J. 2008;2(2):110.
Gamal W, Zaki M, Rashid A, Mostafa M, Abouzeid A. Tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair augmented by spongioplasty for distal and mid penile hypospadias. Uro Today Int J. 2009;2(3) https://doi.org/10.3834/uij.1944-5784.2009.06.13.
Eassa W, Jednak R, Capolicchio JP, Brzezinski A, El-Sherbiny M. Risk factors for re-operation following tubularized incised plate urethroplasty: a comprehensive analysis. Urology. 2011;77(3):716–20.
Bilici S, Sekmenli T, Gunes M, Gecit I, Bakan V, Isik D. Comparison of dartos flap and dartos flap plus spongioplasty to prevent the formation of fistulae in the Snodgrass technique. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011;43(4):943–8.
Hayashi Y, Mizuno K, Moritoki Y, Nakane A, Kato T, Kurokawa S, Kamisawa H, Nishio H, Kohri K, Kojima Y. Can spongioplasty prevent fistula formation and correct penile curvature in TIP urethroplasty for hypospadias? Urology. 2013;81(6):1330–5.
Bhat A, Bhat M, Kumar V, Kumar R, Mittal R, Saksena G. Comparison of variables affecting the surgical outcomes of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty in adult and pediatric hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12(2):108. e101–7.
Bhat A, Singla M, Bhat M, Sabharwala K, Upadhaya R, Kumara V. Incised plate urethroplasty in perineal and perineo-scrotal hypospadias. African. J Urol. 2015;21(2):105–10.
Das SK, Hasina K, Huq MAU, Adil SA, Alam MM, Alam SS. Spongioplasty with dartos flap coverage in the Snodgrass technique of hypospadias repair. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg. 2020;38(2):64–7.
Sarhan OM, El-Hefnawy AS, Hafez AT, Elsherbiny MT, Dawaba ME, Ghali AM. Factors affecting outcome of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty: a single-Centre experience with 500 cases. J Pediatr Urol. 2009;5:378–82.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhat, A. (2022). Spongioplasty in Hypospadias Repair. In: Bhat, A. (eds) Hypospadiology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8395-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8395-4_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-8394-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-8395-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)