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Contribution of Fog in Changing Air Quality: Extremities and Risks to Environment and Society

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Extremes in Atmospheric Processes and Phenomenon: Assessment, Impacts and Mitigation

Part of the book series: Disaster Resilience and Green Growth ((DRGG))

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Abstract

This chapter presents a brief review on the contribution of fog in changing air quality, its extremities and risks to environment and society. Fog is one of the extreme environmental phenomena which cause significant societal and economic problems specially as a great devastation to road and air traffic. As the hazardous effect of fog events is very high, their formation, spatial extent and evolution are needed to be investigated in detail. The detailed characterization of the formation and evolutionary mechanisms of fog pollution is necessary. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief outline on fog formation, development, distribution, characterization as well as its extremities and impacts on environment and society. In this chapter, we have started our study with the description of fog, its types and distribution worldwide, specifically in northern India. The microphysical structure, chemical composition and interactions which determine the behaviour of fog is also explained. The physicochemical characterization is described in detail which is necessary to understand the fog formation and its impact on environment and society. The chapter also describes the different factors responsible for fog formation. The different meteorological conditions and role of aerosol were explained which were amenable for fog formation. In the last section, the fog as an extreme event is described. The causes and their extremities on different aspects of environment and society are also provided in detail.

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  1. Environmental and Water Resource Engineering Division, IIT Madras, Chennai, India

    Saraswati

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  1. Hindu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Pallavi Saxena

  2. Transport Planning and Environment Division, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anuradha Shukla

  3. Environment, Climate and Disaster Risk Management, National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anil Kumar Gupta

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Saraswati (2022). Contribution of Fog in Changing Air Quality: Extremities and Risks to Environment and Society. In: Saxena, P., Shukla, A., Gupta, A.K. (eds) Extremes in Atmospheric Processes and Phenomenon: Assessment, Impacts and Mitigation . Disaster Resilience and Green Growth. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7727-4_5

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