Skip to main content

Leber Congenital Amaurosis/Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Inherited Retinal Disease

Abstract

Leber congenital amaurosis/early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (LCA/EOSRD) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases with widely overlapping features. Herein we present in a comprehensive and concise manner the clinical features, molecular genetics, treatment principles, novel treatment methods, and retinal imaging findings of LCA/EOSRD, emphasizing in some of the most common genotypes: GUCY2D, CEP290, CRB1, RDH12, RPE65, TULP1, AIPL1, and NMNAT1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kumaran N, Moore AT, Weleber RG, et al. Leber congenital amaurosis/early-onset severe retinal dystrophy: clinical features, molecular genetics and therapeutic interventions. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(9):1147–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bouzia Z, Georgiou M, Hull S, et al. GUCY2D-associated leber congenital amaurosis: a retrospective natural history study in preparation for trials of novel therapies. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020;210:59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kumaran N, Georgiou M, Bainbridge JWB, et al. Retinal structure in RPE65-associated retinal dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61(4):47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. den Hollander AI, Roepman R, Koenekoop RK, et al. Leber congenital amaurosis: genes, proteins and disease mechanisms. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2008;27(4):391–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Xu K, Xie Y, Sun T, et al. Genetic and clinical findings in a Chinese cohort with Leber congenital amaurosis and early onset severe retinal dystrophy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019; https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314281.

  6. Sheck L, Davies WIL, Moradi P, et al. Leber congenital amaurosis associated with mutations in CEP290, clinical phenotype, and natural history in preparation for trials of novel therapies. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(6):894–903.

    Google Scholar 

  7. van den Hurk JA, Rashbass P, Roepman R, et al. Characterization of the Crumbs homolog 2 (CRB2) gene and analysis of its role in retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. Mol Vis. 2005;11:263–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gu SM, Thompson DA, Srikumari CR, et al. Mutations in RPE65 cause autosomal recessive childhood-onset severe retinal dystrophy. Nat Genet. 1997;17(2):194–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pontikos N, Arno G, Jurkute N, et al. Genetic basis of inherited retinal disease in a molecularly characterised cohort of over 3000 families from the United Kingdom. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(10):1384–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jacobson SG, Cideciyan AV, Ratnakaram R, et al. Gene therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis caused by RPE65 mutations: safety and efficacy in 15 children and adults followed up to 3 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(1):9–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bainbridge JW, Mehat MS, Sundaram V, et al. Long-term effect of gene therapy on Leber’s congenital amaurosis. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(20):1887–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cideciyan AV, Jacobson SG, Drack AV, et al. Effect of an intravitreal antisense oligonucleotide on vision in Leber congenital amaurosis due to a photoreceptor cilium defect. Nat Med. 2019;25(2):225–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pasadhika S, Fishman GA, Stone EM, et al. Differential macular morphology in patients with RPE65-, CEP290-, GUCY2D-, and AIPL1-related Leber congenital amaurosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(5):2608–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. McAnany JJ, Genead MA, Walia S, et al. Visual acuity changes in patients with Leber congenital amaurosis and mutations in CEP290. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131(2):178–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kousal B, Dudakova L, Gaillyova R, et al. Phenotypic features of CRB1-associated early-onset severe retinal dystrophy and the different molecular approaches to identifying the disease-causing variants. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;254(9):1833–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jacobson SG, Cideciyan AV, Aleman TS, et al. Crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1) mutations result in a thick human retina with abnormal lamination. Hum Mol Genet. 2003;12(9):1073–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Talib M, van Schooneveld MJ, van Genderen MM, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of CRB1-associated retinal dystrophies: a long-term follow-up study. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(6):884–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Khan KN, Robson A, Mahroo OAR, et al. A clinical and molecular characterisation of CRB1-associated maculopathy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2018;26(5):687–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Schuster A, Janecke AR, Wilke R, et al. The phenotype of early-onset retinal degeneration in persons with RDH12 mutations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(4):1824–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fahim AT, Bouzia Z, Branham KH, et al. Detailed clinical characterisation, unique features and natural history of autosomal recessive RDH12-associated retinal degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103(12):1789–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Scott HA, Place EM, Ferenchak K, et al. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum in RDH12-associated retinal disease. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud. 2020;6(1).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ba-Abbad R, Arno G, Robson AG, et al. Macula-predominant retinopathy associated with biallelic variants in RDH12. Ophthalmic Genet. 2020;1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fahim AT, Thompson DA. Natural history and genotype-phenotype correlations in RDH12-associated retinal degeneration. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1185:209–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lorenz B, Wabbels B, Wegscheider E, et al. Lack of fundus autofluorescence to 488 nanometers from childhood on in patients with early-onset severe retinal dystrophy associated with mutations in RPE65. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(8):1585–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jacobson SG, Aleman TS, Cideciyan AV, et al. Identifying photoreceptors in blind eyes caused by RPE65 mutations: prerequisite for human gene therapy success. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(17):6177–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. den Hollander AI, van Lith-Verhoeven JJ, Arends ML, vtions in a family with severe early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(7):932–5.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mataftsi A, Schorderet DF, Chachoua L, et al. Novel TULP1 mutation causing leber congenital amaurosis or early onset retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(11):5160–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kumaran N, Robson AG, Michaelides M. A novel case series of nmnat1-associated early-onset retinal dystrophy: extending the phenotypic spectrum. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000000754.

  29. Falk MJ, Zhang Q, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, et al. NMNAT1 mutations cause Leber congenital amaurosis. Nat Genet. 2012;44(9):1040–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Aboshiha J, Dubis AM, van der Spuy J, et al. Preserved outer retina in AIPL1 Leber’s congenital amaurosis: implications for gene therapy. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(4):862–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Sacristan-Reviriego A, Bellingham J, Prodromou C, et al. The integrity and organization of the human AIPL1 functional domains is critical for its role as a HSP90-dependent co-chaperone for rod PDE6. Hum Mol Genet. 2018;27(7):1309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michel Michaelides .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Ethics declarations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Conflicting Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Contributors

MG reviewed the literature, drafted the chapter and provided critical revision. MM conceived, supervised, and revised the chapter. Manuscript writing: All authors. Final approval of manuscript: All authors

Ethical Statement

The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Georgiou, M., Michaelides, M. (2022). Leber Congenital Amaurosis/Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy. In: Yu, HG. (eds) Inherited Retinal Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7337-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7337-5_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-7336-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-7337-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics