Abstract
In semiconductor photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, nitride-based materials have attained immense interest because of their suitable band position and bandgap, facile and low-cost synthesis, good thermal stability, and low toxicity. Mostly, two distinct classes of nitride materials have been explored in PEC cells-(i) metal nitrides and (ii) metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). Although the use of g-CN in PEC cells is more promising due to its low photocorrosion and long-term stability, the development of photoelectrodes with g-CN is still in its primary stage. Besides, the low photocurrent density produced by g-CN photoelectrodes restricts its application. In contrast, metal-based nitrides are widely explored as photoelectrodes, and tremendous progress in the synthetic and application front has been achieved. Doping and substitution in the materials, integration with different cocatalysts, and fabrication of composite photoelectrodes have been demonstrated to substantially improve the photocurrent density. Moreover, efforts have been made for a thorough understanding of the photochemical and photoelectrochemical processes, including charge separation, recombination, charge transport, and interfacial processes. In this chapter, we describe the basic principles of designing nitride-based PEC cells, achievements, and deficiencies in nitride-based photoelectrodes. A detailed discussion on the application of the nitride-based photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting is included, along with a perspective for the future application of this field.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Xing J, Fang WQ, Zhao HJ, Yang HG (2012) Chem Asian J 7:642–657
Jiang C, Moniz SJA, Wang A, Zhang T, Tang J (2017) Chem Soc Rev 46:4645–4660
Sayama K (2018) ACS Energy Lett 3:1093–1101
Volokh M, Peng G, Barrio J, Shalom M (2019) Angew Chem Int Ed 58:6138–6151
Lewis NS (2016) Nat Nanotechnol 11:1010–1019
Boddy PJ (1968) J Electrochem Soc 115:199–203
Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Nat Commun 238:37–38
Ros C, Andreu T, Morante JR (2020) J Mater Chem A 8:10625–10669
Yin J, Jin J, Lin H, Yin Z, Li J, Lu M, Guo L, Xi P, Tang Y, Yan C-H (2020) Adv Sci 7:1903070
Hien TT, Quang ND, Kim C, Kim D (2019) Nano Energy 57:660–669
Burke MS, Enman LJ, Batchellor AS, Zou S, Boettcher SW (2015) Chem Mater 27:7549–7558
Hisatomi T, Kubota J, Domen K (2014) Chem Soc Rev 43:7520–7535
Cong Y, Park HS, Wang S, Dang HX, Fan F-RF, Mullins CB, Bard AJ (2012) J Phys Chem C 116:14541–14550
Feng X, LaTempa TJ, Basham JI, Mor GK, Varghese OK, Grimes CA (2010) Nano Lett 10:948–952
Pinaud BA, Vesborg PCK, Jaramillo TF (2012) J Phys Chem C 116:15918–15924
Wu Y, Lazic P, Hautier G, Persson K, Ceder G (2013) Energy Environ Sci 6:157–168
Li Y, Zhang L, Torres-Pardo A, González-Calbet JM, Ma Y, Oleynikov P, Terasaki O, Asahina S, Shima M, Cha D, Zhao L, Takanabe K, Kubota J, Domen K (2013) Nat Commun 4:2566
Xiao M, Luo B, Lyu M, Wang S, Wang L (2018) Adv Energy Mater 8:1701605
Ziani A, Nurlaela E, Dhawale DS, Silva DA, Alarousu E, Mohammed OF, Takanabe K (2015) Phys ChemChemPhys 17:2670–2677
Kibria MG, Mi Z (2016) J Mater Chem A 4:2801–2820
Wang C, Hisatomi T, Minegishi T, Nakabayashi M, Shibata N, Katayama M, Domen K (2016) Chem Sci 7:5821–5826
Kado Y, Lee C-Y, Lee K, Müller J, Moll M, Spiecker E, Schmuki P (2012) Chem Commun 48:8685–8687
Seo J, Takata T, Nakabayashi M, Hisatomi T, Shibata N, Minegishi T, Domen K (2015) J Am Chem Soc 137:12780–12783
Pei L, Lv B, Wang S, Yu Z, Yan S, Abe R, Zou Z, Appl ACS (2018) Energy Mater 1:4150–4157
Ikeda T, Xiong A, Yoshinaga T, Maeda K, Domen K, Teranishi T (2013) J Phys Chem C 117:2467–2473
Kamimura J, Bogdanoff P, Abdi FF, Lähnemann J, van de Krol R, Riechert H, Geelhaar L (2017) J Phys Chem C 121:12540–12545
Liu G, Karuturi SK, Simonov AN, Fekete M, Chen H, Nasiri N, Le NH, Narangari PR, Lysevych M, Gengenbach TR, Lowe A, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Spiccia L, Tricoli A (2016) Adv Energy Mater 6:1600697
Haleem AA, Majumder S, Perumandla N, Zahran ZN, Naruta Y (2017) J Phys Chem C 121:20093–20100
Higashi M, Domen K, Abe R (2011) Energy Environ Sci 4:4138–4147
He Y, Ma P, Zhu S, Liu M, Dong Q, Espano J, Yao X, Wang D (2017) Joule 1:831–842
Li M, Luo W, Cao D, Zhao X, Li Z, Yu T, Zou Z (2013) Angew Chem Int Ed 52:11016–11020
Go H, Akio I, Tsuyoshi T, Michikazu H, Kazunari D (2002) Chem. Lett 31:736–737
Wang L, Dionigi F, Nguyen NT, Kirchgeorg R, Gliech M, Grigorescu S, Strasser P, Schmuki P (2015) Chem Mater 27:2360–2366
Liu G, Ye S, Yan P, Xiong F, Fu P, Wang Z, Chen Z, Shi J, Li C (2016) Energy Environ Sci 9:1327–1334
AlOtaibi B, Fan S, Vanka S, Kibria MG, Mi Z (2015) Nano Lett 15:6821–6828
Caccamo L, Hartmann J, Fàbrega C, Estradé S, Lilienkamp G, Prades JD, Hoffmann MWG, Ledig J, Wagner A, Wang X, Lopez-Conesa L, Peiró F, Rebled JM, Wehmann H-H, Daum W, Shen H, Waag A, Appl ACS (2014) Mater Interfaces 6:2235–2240
AlOtaibi B, Nguyen HPT, Zhao S, Kibria MG, Fan S, Mi Z (2013) Nano Lett 13:4356–4361
Park J-H, Mandal A, Kang S, Chatterjee U, Kim JS, Park B-G, Kim M-D, Jeong K-U, Lee C-R (2016) Sci Rep 6:31996
Zhou Y, Chen G, Yu Y, Zhao L, Yu Q, He Q (2016) Catal. Sci Technol 6:1033–1041
Liang Q, Brocks G, Zhang X, Bieberle-Hütter A (2019) J Phys Chem C 123:26289–26298
Liu SY, Sheu JK, Lin Y-C, Tu SJ, Huang FW, Lee ML, Lai WC (2012) Opt Express 20:A678–A683
Kibria MG, Qiao R, Yang W, Boukahil I, Kong X, Chowdhury FA, Trudeau ML, Ji W, Guo H, Himpsel FJ, Vayssieres L, Mi Z (2016) Adv Mater 28:8388–8397
Pan H, Gu B, Eres G, Zhang Z (2010) J. Chem. Phys 132:104501
Grigorescu S, Bärhausen B, Wang L, Mazare A, Yoo JE, Hahn R, Schmuki P (2015) Electrochem Commun 51:85–88
Ma SSK, Hisatomi T, Maeda K, Moriya Y, Domen K (2012) J Am Chem Soc 134:19993–19996
Liu S-Y, Sheu JK, Lin Y-C, Chen Y-T, Tu SJ, Lee ML, Lai WC (2013) Opt Express 21:A991–A996
Deng J, Su Y, Liu D, Yang P, Liu B, Liu C (2019) Chem Rev 119:9221–9259
Murthy DHK, Matsuzaki H, Wang Z, Suzuki Y, Hisatomi T, Seki K, Inoue Y, Domen K, Furube A (2019) Chem Sci 10:5353–5362
Nandjou F, Haussener S (2017) J Phys D Appl Phys 50:124002
He Y, James E Thorne, Wu CH, Ma P, Du C, Dong Q, Guo J, Wang D (2016) Chemistry1:640–655
Nurlaela E, Wang H, Shinagawa T, Flanagan S, Ould-Chikh S, Qureshi M, Mics Z, Sautet P, Le Bahers T, Cánovas E, Bonn M, Takanabe K (2016) ACS Catal 6:4117–4126
Chen S, Shen S, Liu G, Qi Y, Zhang F, Li C (2015) Angew Chem Int Ed 54:3047–3051
Pihosh Y, Minegishi T, Nandal V, Higashi T, Katayama M, Yamada T, Sasaki Y, Seki K, Suzuki Y, Nakabayashi M, Sugiyama M, Domen K (2020) Energy Environ Sci 13:1519–1530
Vequizo JJM, Hojamberdiev M, Teshima K, Yamakata A (2018) J Photochem Photobio A: Chem 358:315–319
Wang Z, Qi Y, Ding C, Fan D, Liu G, Zhao Y, Li C (2016) Chem Sci 7:4391–4399
Hajibabaei H, Little DJ, Pandey A, Wang D, Mi Z, Hamann TW, Appl ACS (2019) Mater Interfaces 11:15457–15466
Higashi T, Nishiyama H, Suzuki Y, Sasaki Y, Hisatomi T, Katayama M, Minegishi T, Seki K, Yamada T, Domen K (2019) Angew Chem Int Ed 58:2300–2304
Hajibabaei H, Zandi O, Hamann TW (2016) Chem Sci 7:6760–6767
Higashi T, Nishiyama H, Otsuka Y, Kawase Y, Sasaki Y, Nakabayashi M, Katayama M, Minegishi T, Shibata N, Takanabe K, Yamada T, Domen K (2020) Chemsuschem 13:1974–1978
Tseng WJ, van Dorp DH, Lieten RR, Vereecken PM, Borghs G (2014) J Phys Chem C 118:29492–29498
Kim H, Bae H, Bang SW, Kim S, Lee SH, Ryu S-W, Ha J-S (2019) Opt Express 27:A206–A215
Arai N, Saito N, Nishiyama H, Domen K, Kobayashi H, Sato K, Inoue Y (2007) Catal Today 129:407–413
Schäfer S, Koch AHR, Cavallini A, Stutzmann M, Sharp ID (2012) J Phys Chem C 116:22281–22286
Kibria MG, Chowdhury FA, Zhao S, Trudeau ML, Guo H, Mi Z (2015) Appl. Phys. Lett 106:113105
Kamimura J, Bogdanoff P, Ramsteiner M, Corfdir P, Feix F, Geelhaar L, Riechert H (2017) Nano Lett 17:1529–1537
Fang Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Wu X, Xiao Z, Zhou F, Song Y (2015) J Phys D: Appl Phys 49:045105
Maeda K, Takata T, Hara M, Saito N, Inoue Y, Kobayashi H, Domen K (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:8286–8287
Wang Z, Zong X, Gao Y, Han J, Xu Z, Li Z, Ding C, Wang S, Li C, Appl ACS (2017) Mater Interfaces 9:30696–30702
Godin R, Hisatomi T, Domen K, Durrant JR (2018) Chem Sci 9:7546–7555
Boubanga-Tombet S, Wright JB, Lu P, Williams MRC, Li C, Wang GT, Prasankumar RP (2016) ACS Photon 3:2237–2242
DuChene JS, Tagliabue G, Welch AJ, Cheng W-H, Atwater HA (2018) Nano Lett 18:2545–2550
Cao S, Low J, Yu J, Jaroniec M (2015) Adv Mater 27:2150–2176
Ong W-J, Tan LL, Ng YH, Yong ST, Chai SP (2016) Chem Rev 116:7159–7329
Xiong W, Huang F, Zhang RQ (2020) Sustain. Energy Fuels 4:485–503
Lou S, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Zhan Z, Wang J, Liu S, Zhang Y, Appl ACS (2016) Mater Interfaces 8:22287–22294
Huang M, Zhao Y-L, Xiong W, Kershaw SV, Yu Y, Li W, Dudka T, Zhang R-Q (2018) Appl Catal B: Environ 237:783–790
Indra A, Acharjya A, Menezes PW, Merschjann C, Hollmann D, Schwarze M, Aktas M, Friedrich A, Lochbrunner S, Thomas A, Driess M (2017) Angew Chem Int Ed 56:1653–1657
Indra A, Menezes PW, Kailasam K, Hollmann D, Schröder M, Thomas A, Brückner A, Driess M (2016) Chem Commun 52:104–107
Zhang W, Albero J, Xi L, Lange KM, Garcia H, Wang X, Shalom M, Appl ACS (2017) Mater Interfaces 9:32667–32677
Cheng L, Xie S, Zou Y, Ma D, Sun D, Li Z, Wang Z, Shi JW (2019) Int J Hyd Energy 44:4133–4142
Zhang G, Huang C, Wang X (2015) Small 11:1215–1221
Zhang G, Zang S, Lin L, Lan Z-A, Li G, Wang X, Appl ACS (2016) Mater Interfaces 8:2287–2296
Merschjann C, Tschierlei S, Tyborski T, Kailasam K, Orthmann S, Hollmann D, Schedel-Niedrig T, Thomas A, Lochbrunner S (2015) Adv Mater 27:7993–7999
Ma H, Feng J, Jin F, Wei M, Liu C, Ma Y (2018) Nanoscale 10:15624–15631
Noda Y, Merschjann C, Tarábek J, Amsalem P, Koch N, Bojdys MJ (2019) Angew Chem Int Ed 58:9394–9398
Rahman MZ, Kibria MG, Mullins CB (2020) Chem Soc Rev 49:1887–1931
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saha, A., Indra, A. (2022). Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with Nitride-Based Photoelectrodes. In: Kumar, P., Devi, P. (eds) Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7285-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7285-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-7284-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-7285-9
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)