Abstract
In this paper, in order to remotely measure the human heart rate (HR) with consumer-level cameras, we propose an end-to-end framework for reducing the influence of non-physiological signals (such as head movement and illumination variation). First, face tracking and skin segmentation are carried out on the input facial video, and then the designed model based on small-scale spatial-temporal convolutional network is used to classify the sub-regions of interest. Finally, the predicted results of each sub-block are aggregated to achieve the regression of the HR. Experiment on the LGI-PPGI dataset in four scenarios with increasing difficulty shows that the proposed approach achieves better performance compared with the benchmark.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Verkruysse, W., Svaasand, L.O., Nelson, J.S.: Remote plethysmographic imaging using ambient light. Opt. Express 16, 21434−21445 (2008)
Poh, M.Z., McDuff, D.J., Picard, R.W.: Non-contact, automated cardiac pulse measurements using video imaging and blind source separation. Opt. Express 18, 10762−10774 (2010)
De, H.G., Jeanne, V.: Robust pulse rate from chrominance-based rPPG. IEEE Trans Biomed. Eng. 60, 2878–2886 (2013)
Wang, W., Brinker, A.C., Stuijk, S., Haan, G.: Algorithmic principles of remote PPG. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 64, 1479–1491 (2017)
Li, X., Chen, J., Zhao, G., Pietikainen, M.: Remote heart rate measurement from face videos under realistic situations. In: 27th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4264−271. IEEE Press (2014)
Wang, W., Brinker, A.C., Stuijk, S., Haan, G.: Robust heart rate from fitness videos. Physiol. Meas. 38, 1023−1044 (2017)
Pilz, C.S., Zaunseder, S., Krajewski, J., Blazek, V.: Local group invariance for heart rate estimation from face videos in the wild. In: 31st Meeting of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 1335−1343. IEEE Press (2018)
Chen, W., McDuff, D.: DeepPhys: video-based physiological measurement using convolutional attention networks. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11206, pp. 356–373. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01216-8_22
Niu, X., Shan, S., Han, H., Chen, X.: RhythmNet: end-to-end heart rate estimation from face via spatial-temporal representation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 29, 2409–2423 (2020)
Yu, Z., Peng, W., Li, X., Hong, X., Zhao, G.: Remote heart rate measurement from highly compressed facial videos: an end-to-end deep learning solution with video enhancement. In: 17th IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 151−160. IEEE Press (2019)
Spetlik, R., Franc, V., Cech, J., Matas, J.: Visual heart rate estimation with convolutional neural network. In: 29th British Machine Vision Conference (2018)
Cai, Z., Liu, Q., Wang, S., Yang, B.: Joint head pose estimation with multi-task cascaded convolutional networks for face alignment. In: 24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 495−500. IEEE Press (2018)
Ji, S., Xu, W., Yang, M., Yu, K.: 3D convolutional neural networks for human action recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35, 221−231 (2013)
Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. In: 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations (2015)
Rajendra Acharya, U., Paul Joseph, K., Kannathal, N., Lim, C.M., Suri, J.S.: Heart rate variability: a review. Med. Bio. Eng. Comput. 44, 1031−1051 (2006)
Glorot, X., Bordes, A., Bengio, Y.: Deep sparse rectifier neural networks. In: 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 315--323. IEEE Press (2011)
Wang, W., Stuijk, S., De Haan, G.: A novel algorithm for remote photoplethysmography: spatial subspace rotation. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 63, 1974–1984 (2016)
Boccignone, G., Conte, D., Cuculo, V., D’Amelio, A., Grossi, G., Lanzarotti, R.: An open framework for remote-PPG methods and their assessment. IEEE Access. 8, 216083–216103 (2020)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Xu, C., Li, X. (2021). Facial Video-Based Remote Heart Rate Measurement via Spatial-Temporal Convolutional Network. In: Fei, M., Chen, L., Ma, S., Li, X. (eds) Intelligent Life System Modelling, Image Processing and Analysis. LSMS ICSEE 2021 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1467. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7207-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7207-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-7206-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-7207-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)