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Applications of Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Functional Biomaterials

Abstract

Ionic liquids are composed only of ions and have melting points by operational definition ≤100 ° C. Their physicochemical properties, for example, viscosity and miscibility with other solvents and mechanisms of interactions with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), can be “fine-tuned” by changing the molecular structures of their anions and cations; this flexibility is not operative for molecular solvents. This led to many pharmaceutical applications including their use as solvents, cosolvents, and colloids in the synthesis and formulations of APIs for drug delivery, for example, by topical and transdermal routes. We also discuss the use of bioinspired ILs to mitigate their possible toxicity. An important development is to convert the (solid) API into a liquid using single active (IL-API) and double active (API-API) strategies. This often increases drug solubility in water and eliminates the adverse effects of polymorphism on drug availability. The multitude of potential applications and efforts to enhance the safety of the formulations will certainly lead to increased approvals by the drug regulatory agencies and hence commercialization of new, more effective drugs.

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Abbreviations

API:

Active pharmaceutical ingredient

API-IL:

The liquid salt form of an active pharmaceutical ingredient

CAGE:

Choline geranate

Docusate:

1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate

GILBSs:

Ionic liquid gemini surfactants

H-bonding:

Hydrogen-bonding

ILBS:

Ionic liquid-based surfactant

MW:

Microwave heating

O/W:

Oil-in-water (emulsion or microemulsion)

PILBS:

Polymerized ionic liquid-based surfactant

R1MeImX:

1-(n-alkyl)-3-methylimidazolium ILs where X = halide, carboxylate, etc. The alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, and octyl are referred to as Me, Et, Pr, Bu, Hx, Oc, respectively.

RM:

Reverse micelle

W/O:

Water-in-oil (emulsion or microemulsion)

μE:

Microemulsion

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Acknowledgments

O. A El Seoud and N. Keppeler thank Fapesp for financial support (grant 2014/22136-4) and CNPq for research fellowships (grants 306108/2019-4 and 141853/2019-0, respectively).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Soraya S. Santos, Nicolas Keppeler & Omar A. El Seoud

  2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Jeanine Giarolla & Elizabeth I. Ferreira

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  1. Soraya S. Santos
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  2. Nicolas Keppeler
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  3. Jeanine Giarolla
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  4. Elizabeth I. Ferreira
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  5. Omar A. El Seoud
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate of Health Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Sougata Jana

  2. Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India

    Subrata Jana

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Santos, S.S., Keppeler, N., Giarolla, J., Ferreira, E.I., El Seoud, O.A. (2022). Applications of Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceutical Sciences. In: Jana, S., Jana, S. (eds) Functional Biomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7152-4_17

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