Abstract
In order to render a complete concept of Jiangnan Gardens after analyzing their structural principles, the final chapter of this book will introduce and discuss some representative examples of existing gardens in different environments, including urban sites, sites beside a mansion house, sites among mountain forests, riverside and lakeside sites and village sites according to the classification presented in The Craft of Gardens (Yuan Ye). Gardens with different functions are also represented, such as private residential gardens, villa gardens, and public gardens owned by clans, guilds, monasteries, or academic groups, as well as several public gardens in scenic spots of municipal projects. Among them, gardens in the city are mostly affiliated with residences, which means they are built on sites beside a mansion house. These examples also represent gardens on different scales. Scale, though a quantitative measure, will lead to qualitative discrepancies. There are no strict boundaries between the size of a garden or the size of its site, but we can make a rough distinction as a reference. That is that gardens covering an area of hundreds of square meters but less than 1000 m2 can be classified as small gardens, gardens covering an area of about 1000–3000 m2 can be classified as medium gardens, and gardens covering an area greater than 3000 m2 can be classified as large gardens.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Flying-Snow.
- 2.
Liu Dunzhen 1897.9.19–1968.5.10, Chinese architect.
- 3.
Zhang Nanyuan, garden artist in the transitional period between Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.
- 4.
Ge Yuliang, a garden master, born in Changzhou in late period under the reign of the Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.
- 5.
A Small Heaven and Earth Created.
- 6.
A narrow water between mountains.
- 7.
Cloud wall, with curved decorations like cloud on the top of the wall.
- 8.
Double corridor.
- 9.
Hill climbing corridor.
- 10.
The moon and breeze are priceless, near rivers and distant mountains are sentient.
- 11.
Flowing Jade.
- 12.
The hall was set here as the basis of the ancient site.
- 13.
Named after the poem of Su Zimei “Ri Guang Chuan Zhu Cui Ling Long”.
- 14.
Now replaced by scattered modern buildings.
- 15.
Flower garden.
- 16.
Garden that was preserved miraculously (Liu Yuan) in the late Qing Dynasty.
- 17.
Huainan and Huaibei.
- 18.
Record of Ge Yuan, Liu Fenghao, Qing Dynasty.
- 19.
The lane that block the fire.
- 20.
Bamboo shoots.
- 21.
Stalagmite.
- 22.
Yuanyang.
- 23.
Water rockery.
- 24.
It is said that lake stones were remains of Emperor Xuanhe.
- 25.
Meaning mountain creator.
- 26.
Cloud hill-climbing wall.
- 27.
The path winds through high peaks.
- 28.
Also known as the Humble Administrator’s Garden.
- 29.
Military-administrative organizations of the Man nationality in the Qing Dynasty.
- 30.
Landscape of Zhuozheng Yuan.
- 31.
It is quite ancient and probably a relic of the Ming Dynasty.
- 32.
Once titled “Diligent in Farming” in modern times, commonly known as Pavilion on the North of the Mountain (Beishan Ting).
- 33.
Cloud hill-climbing wall.
- 34.
Now the temple is the West Garden.
- 35.
Stone Screen.
- 36.
Another Chinese Zi with the same pronunciation but different form, namely, the homophonic Liu. It means preservation.
- 37.
Cloud hill-climbing wall.
- 38.
Take care of the spirit and keep fit.
- 39.
Cloud hill-climbing wall.
- 40.
Lake stone, the water-eroded rocks.
- 41.
The formal likeness to nature, or the “realistic truth”.
- 42.
Emperor Qianlong visited this garden during his southern inspection tours. “Real interest” was his calligraphy. Later, the owner of the garden Bei Runsheng continued to use this name and built this magnificent little palace.
- 43.
The three are masters of seal cutting in ancient China.
- 44.
Later renamed as Fun Garden (Xiequ Yuan).
- 45.
Later renamed as Summer Palace in the late Qing Dynasty.
- 46.
The record of Jichang Yuan by Wang Kaideng at the end of Ming Dynasty.
- 47.
Mountain stone.
- 48.
In the variant creation of Huishan Garden in Qingyi Garden of Beijing in Qianlong period, the stream was changed to a realistic style.
- 49.
From the main scene—the lake area, looking towards Huishan.
- 50.
Square angle zigzag bridge, opposed by Wen Zhenheng, a noted painter and garden designer in Ming Dynasty, is quite suitable here.
- 51.
Slender.
- 52.
Wrinkly.
- 53.
Cavernous.
- 54.
Perforated.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yang, H. (2022). Critique and Discussion on Some Typical Gardens. In: A Treatise on the Garden of Jiangnan. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6924-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6924-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-6923-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-6924-8
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)