Abstract
This chapter includes (1) Duplicated MCA, (2) Two types of accessory MCA, (3) Duplicate origin of the MCA, (4) Fenestration of the MCA, and (5) Early bifurcation of the MCA. There are 18 figures and 1 illustration.
The M1 segment of the MCA shows numerous variations, which are not uncommon. These play important role in collateral circulation and aneurysm formation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Uchino A. Cerebral arterial variations and anomalies diagnosed by MR angiography. In: Takahashi S, editor. Neurovascular imaging. MRI and microangiography. 1st ed. London: Springer; 2010. p. 197–239.
Komiyama M, Nakajima H, Nishikawa M, Yasui T. Middle cerebral artery variations: duplicated and accessory arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:45–9.
Uchino A, Kato A, Takase Y, Kudo S. Middle cerebral artery variations detected by magnetic resonance angiography. Eur Radiol. 2000;10:560–3.
Fujimoto K, Hashimoto H, Uchiyama Y, Maekawa H, Shida Y, Nakagawa I. Duplicated middle cerebral artery aneurysms treated by coil embolization; a report of two cases and literature review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021;30:105773.
Uchino A, Ito S, Kurita H, Tanaka M. Duplicated middle cerebral artery arising from the origin of the hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery that mimicked aneurysm on routine MR angiography. Neuroradiol J. 2016;29:106–9.
Takahashi S, Hoshino F, Uemura K, Takahashi A, Sakamoto K. Accessory middle cerebral artery: is it a variant form of the recurrent artery of Heubner? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1989;10:563–8.
Rennert J, Ullrich WO, Schuierer G. A rare case of supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) fenestration in combination with duplication of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) originating from the ICA fenestration and an associated aneurysm. Clin Neuroradiol. 2013;23:133–6.
Uchino A, Saito N, Okada Y, Nakajima R. Duplicate origin and fenestration of the middle cerebral artery on MR angiography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2012;34:401–4.
Gailloud P, Albayram S, Fasel JH, Beauchamp NJ, Murphy KJ. Angiographic and embryologic considerations in five cases of middle cerebral artery fenestration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23:585–7.
Yamaguchi S, Ito O, Suzuki S. Coil embolization of a ruptured aneurysm arising from a middle cerebral artery fenestration: case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50:213–6.
Teal JS, Rumbaugh CL, Bergeron RT, Segall HD. Anomalies of the middle cerebral artery: accessory artery, duplication, and early bifurcation. Am J Roentogenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1973;118:567–75.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Uchino, A. (2022). Variations of the Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). In: Atlas of the Supraaortic Craniocervical Arterial Variations. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6803-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6803-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-6802-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-6803-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)