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Particulate Matter from Direct Injection Diesel Engines

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Modelling Diesel Combustion

Part of the book series: Mechanical Engineering Series ((MES))

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Abstract

Particulates from diesel engines consisting of particles of carbon, sulphates, oil, fuel, and water are measured by filtering a sample diluted in a partial or full flow tunnel according to strict standards and weighing them. However, these methods suffer from high initial and running costs. On the other hand, filter smoke metres measure the light reflected from a filter paper through which a known volume of exhaust gas is passed and opacity metres measure light absorbed by a standard column of the exhaust. They measure visible black smoke easily at reasonable expenditure. Today, these simple instruments are highly developed to minimize measurement noise with improved resolution and repeatability and can be used to estimate carbon soot precisely. Adding contribution of oil and sulphates from fuel helps in estimating the particulate matter measured in ISO 8178 R49, D2, and C1 as well as ESC cycles up to EU Stage IIIA, India CEV Stage IIIA, Euro III (equivalent to India BS III on-road), and India CPCB2 emission standards. A method is given to predict PM from fuel properties, engine oil consumption, and measured smoke. The estimated values of PM compared favourably with the estimated values with confidence margins enough to go for type testing.

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Abbreviations

FSN :

Filter smoke number (−)

I :

Intensity of light received by the optical sensor in opacimeter with smoke in the tube (−)

I 0 :

Intensity of light received by the optical sensor in opacimeter with clear air in the tube (−)

k :

Opacity (1/m)

L :

Effective length of opacity meter, 0.430 (m)

N, T :

Opacity (%)

LOC:

Lubricating Oil Consumption, g/h

PM:

Particulate Matter

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Acknowledgements

A substantial portion of SAE paper 2017-01-7002 has been used in the chapter with copyright permission, vide Copyright Clearance Center Order Number: 1090336, Order Date: 14 Jan 2021.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    Dr. P. A. Lakshminarayanan

  2. Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited, Pune, India

    Yogesh V. Aghav

Authors
  1. Dr. P. A. Lakshminarayanan
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  2. Yogesh V. Aghav
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Correspondence to P. A. Lakshminarayanan .

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Lakshminarayanan, P.A., Aghav, Y.V. (2022). Particulate Matter from Direct Injection Diesel Engines. In: Modelling Diesel Combustion. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6742-8_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6742-8_15

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