Abstract
Bubbles having a diameter of less than 50 μm are called microbubbles. Since microbubbles have a small buoyancy, they will flow into the living body without disappearing when they are generated, especially in the reservoir during extracorporeal circulation. The capillary diameter of a living body is 4–9 μm, and microbubbles with diameters less than this value are considered to pass through the capillaries. However, microbubbles of 10 μm or more may stay or fuse in the blood vessel, which may block the tissue blood flow or cause a change in the function of the capillary wall. It is also known that even if it is less than 10 μm, damage to the capillary endothelium is caused. Pathophysiology associated with microbubbles includes: (1) microinfarction due to occlusion of capillaries, (2) increased vascular permeability and local inflammatory response due to impaired capillary endothelium, (3) thrombus formation, and (4) SIRS due to contact with circulating blood. In particular, it is considered to be a cause of cognitive dysfunction and neurological deficits in adult cardiac surgery.
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1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Video 5.1
Blood flow in vent circuit in experiment (MP4 1113 kb)
Video 5.2
Air flow pattern in vent circuit_80 rpm (MP4 3555 kb)
Video 5.3
Air flow pattern in vent circuit_140 rpm (MP4 2481 kb)
Video 5.4
Microbubble generation by differences in correction method. Venous Drainage port—Bolus 1 mL (MP4 3739 kb)
Video 5.5
Microbubble generation by differences in correction method. Cardiotomy port—Bolus 1 mL (MP4 8453 kb)
Video 5.6
Microbubble generation by differences in correction method. Cardiotomy port—Slow drip rate (MP4 5156 kb)
Video 5.7
Microbubble generation by differences in correction method. Cardiotomy port—Fully opened drip rate (MP4 4002 kb)
Data 5.1
Measurement principle of FURUHATA (HDK-BM001) (DOCX 23 kb)
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Takahashi, Y. (2023). Microbubbles in Extracorporeal Circulation and Its Countermeasures. In: Low Invasive Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6730-5_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6730-5_5
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