Skip to main content

Diagnostic Cytology of Malignant Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal System
  • 1736 Accesses

Abstract

Most luminal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be sampled by endoscopic biopsy, and histopathological examination can accurately diagnose most of these lesions. Therefore, clinicians often relied on histopathology rather than cytology for diagnosis of GIT lesions, and thus the utility of cytology was doubtful for many years. However, the use of diagnostic cytology of GIT neoplasms is currently increasing due to direct visualization of these lesions by fiberoptic endoscopy [1, 2]. Undoubtedly if cytology is combined with histopathology, diagnostic utility of these lesions is better, and therefore it is recommended that these two sampling techniques complement each other.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jhala N, Jhala D. Gastrointestinal tract cytology: advancing horizons. Adv Anat Pathol. 2003;10(5):261–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chambers LA, Clark WE. 2nd. The endoscopic diagnosis of gastroesophageal malignancy. A cytologic review. Acta Cytol. 1986;30(2):110–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sherman ME, Anderson C, Herman LM, et al. Utility of gastric brushing in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Acta Cytol. 1994;38(2):169–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang HH, Sovie S, Zeroogian JM, et al. Value of cytology in detecting intestinal metaplasia and associated dysplasia at the gastroesophageal junction. Hum Pathol. 1997;28(4):465–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Vander Noot MR 3rd, Eloubeidi MA, Chen VK, Eltoum I, Jhala D, Jhala N, Syed S, Chhieng DC. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Cancer. 2004;102(3):157–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Liu Y, Chen K, Yang XJ. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration used in diagnosing gastric Linitis Plastica: metastatic lymph nodes can be valuable targets. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;34:202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jhala N, Eltoum I, Chhieng D, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration is a powerful tool for diagnosis of small deep-seated lesions: analysis of 125 lesions. Acta Cytol. 2002;46:1013–46.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chittajallu RSFGW, Goldblum JR, et al. Balloon cytology for the detection and surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 1995;108:71A.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mariano VS, Pastrez PRA, Mafra Costa A, Guimarães DP, Cunha TR, Neto SAZ, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Syrjänen KJ, Longatto-Filho A. Impact of brush cytology for the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the quality of liquid-based preparation of cytological slides. Acta Cytol. 2019;63(3):240–6.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Young JA, Hughes HE, Lee FD. Evaluation of endoscopic brush and biopsy touch smear cytology and biopsy histology in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the lower oesophagus and cardia. J Clin Pathol. 1980;33(9):811–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cook IJ, de Carle DJ, Haneman B, Hunt DR, Talley NA, Miller D. The role of brushing cytology in the diagnosis of gastric malignancy. Acta Cytol. 1988;32(4):461–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Vidyavathi K, Harendrakumar ML, Lakshmana Kumar YC. Correlation of endoscopic brush cytology with biopsy in diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal neoplasms. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2008;51(4):489–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kochhar R, Rajwanshi A, Malik AK, et al. Endoscopic fine needle aspiration biopsy of gastroesophageal malignancies. Gastrointest Endosc. 1988;34:321–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zargar SA, Khuroo MS, Mahajan R, et al. Endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal and colorectal malignancies. Gut. 1991;32:745–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Vilmann P, Săftoiu A. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy: equipment and technique. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21(11):1646–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Falk GW, Chittajallu R, Goldblum JR, Biscotti CV, Geisinger KR, Petras RE, Birgisson S, Rice TW, Richter JE. Surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus for dysplasia and cancer with balloon cytology. Gastroenterology. 1997;112(6):1787–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tsang TK, Hidvegi D, Horth K, Ostrow JD. Reliability of balloon-mesh cytology in detecting esophageal carcinoma in a population of US veterans. Cancer. 1987;59(3):556–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nagtegaal ID, Odze RD, Klimstra D, Paradis V, Rugge M, Schirmacher P, et al. WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system, vol. 1. 5th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hughes JH, Cohen MB. Is the cytologic diagnosis of esophageal glandular dysplasia feasible? [see comments]. Diagn Cytopathol. 1998;18(4):312–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Aldovini D, Detassis C, Piscioli F. Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Brush cytology and histogenesis. Acta Cytol. 1983;27(1):65–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rader AE, Avery A, Wait CL, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors using morphology, immunocytochemistry, and mutational analysis of c-kit. Cancer. 2001;93(4):269–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cantu MD, Goyal A. Cytomorphology of epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Diagn Cytopathol. 2018;46(7):636–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Das DK, Pant CS. Fine needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions. A study of 78 cases. Acta Cytol. 1994;38(5):723–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Malipatel R, Patil M, Pritilata Rout P, Correa M, Devarbhavi H. Primary gastric lymphoma: Clinicopathological profile. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2018;8(1):6–10.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Kidd M, Gustafsson B, Modlin IM. Gastric carcinoids (neuroendocrine neoplasms). Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2013;42(2):381–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Modlin IM, Sandor A, Tang LH, Kidd M, Zelterman D. A 40-year analysis of 265 gastric carcinoids. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92(4):633–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Mortensen NJ, Eltringham WK, Mountford RA, et al. Direct vision brush cytology with colonoscopy: an aid to the accurate diagnosis of colonic strictures. Br J Surg. 1984;71(12):930–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Chiao EY, Giordano TP, Palefsky JM, et al. Screening HIV infected individuals for anal cancer precursor lesions: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(2):223–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Solomon D, Davey D, Kurman R, Moriarty A, O'Connor D, Prey M, Raab S, Sherman M, Wilbur D, Wright T Jr. Young N; Forum Group Members; Bethesda 2001 Workshop. The 2001 Bethesda system: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology. JAMA. 2002;287(16):2114–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Arain S, Walts AE, Thomas P, Bose S. The Anal Pap smear: Cytomorphology of squamous intraepithelial lesions. Cytojournal. 2005;2(1):4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Maia LB, Marinho LC, Wanderley Paes Barbosa T, Batalha Filho ES, Ribeiro Velasco LF, Garcia Costa PG, Carneiro FP, de Oliveira PG. A comparative study between conventional and liquid-based cytology in screening for anal intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients. Diagn Cytopathol. 2014;42(10):840–5.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Albuquerque A. Cytology in anal cancer screening: practical review for clinicians. Acta Cytol. 2020;64(4):281–7.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclaimer

The authors agree to the fact that all biopsy procedures and surgical resections were performed after taking informed consent from respective patients as per the individual Institutional policies, which also includes consent for publishing the unidentified clinical images for publication or research purposes. The authors also declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dey, P. (2022). Diagnostic Cytology of Malignant Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Das, P., Majumdar, K., Datta Gupta, S. (eds) Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal System. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6395-6_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6395-6_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-6394-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-6395-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics