Abstract
The US has a relatively smaller elderly population than Japan: 15% are over 65 years old in the US in 2015, compared to 26% in Japan. But by 2050 the US proportion is expected to reach 22%. If the aged voters do not want to pay taxes for the programs benefiting children or young families, these programs may have smaller budget.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision; and US Census Bureau, Population Estimates and Projections.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
These are estimates of the American Community Survey, US Census Bureau.
- 5.
The data on governors are obtained from the National Governors Association. Also, the data on state legislators are collected by the National Conference of State Legislatures.
- 6.
The definitions are on https://www.census.gov/govs/definitions/index.html#p.
- 7.
The value of the Sargan-Hansen statistic in Table 5.3 favors the fixed-effects model.
- 8.
The test on fixed-effects versus random-effects models supports the adoption of fixed-effects model, as reported in Table 5.4.
- 9.
References
Alt JE, Lowry RC (1994) Divided government and budget deficits: evidence from the states. Am Political Sci Rev 88(4):811–828
Besley T, Case A (2003) Political institutions and policy choices: evidence from the United States. J Econ Lit 41(1):7–73
Garand JC (1988) Explaining government growth in the U.S. states. Am Political Sci Rev 82(3):837–849
Gilens M (1996) “Race coding” and white opposition to welfare. Am Political Sci Rev 90(3):593–604
Harris AR, Evans WN, Schwab RM (2001) Education spending in an aging America. J Public Econ 81(3):449–472
Hawes DP, McCrea AM (2018) Give us your tired, your poor and we might buy them dinner: social capital, immigration, and welfare generosity in the American States. Political Res Q 71(2):347–360
Hettich W, Winer SL (1988) Economic and political foundations of tax structure. Am Econ Rev 78(4):701–712
Hettich W, Winer SL (1999) Democratic choice and taxation: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Cambridge University Press, New York
Ladd H (1975) Local education expenditures, fiscal capacity, and the composition of the property tax base. National Tax J 28(2):145–158
Lovell M (1978) Spending for education: the exercise of public choice. Rev Econ Stat 60(4):487–495
Metzler A, Richard S (1981) A rational theory of the size of government. J Political Econ 89(5):914–927
Miller C (1996) Demographics and spending for public education: a test of interest group influence. Econ Educ Rev 15(2):175–185
Parsons D (1982) Demographic effects on public charity to the aged. J Hum Res 17(1):144–152
Poterba JM (1997) Demographic structure and the political economy of public education. J Policy Anal Manage 16(1):48–66
Poterba JM (1998) Demographic change, intergenerational linkages, and public education. Am Econ Rev 88(2):315–320
Roberts KWS (1977) Voting over income tax schedules. J Public Econ 8(3):329–340
Rogers DL, Rogers JH (2000) Political competition and state government size: do tighter elections produce looser budgets? Public Choice 105(1/2):1–21
Romer T (1975) Individual welfare, majority voting, and the properties of a linear income tax. J Public Econ 4(2):163–185
Soss J, Fording RC, Schram SF (2008) The color of devolution: race, federalism, and the politics of social control. Am J Political Sci 52(3):536–553
Tiebout C (1956) A pure theory of local expenditures. J Political Econ 64(5):416–424
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Terai, K., Glazer, A., Miyazato, N. (2021). Effects of the Elderly Population and of Political Factors in the US States. In: The Political Economy of Population Aging. Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, vol 30. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5536-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5536-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-5535-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-5536-4
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)