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Civil Engineering for Disaster Risk Reduction pp 247–262Cite as

Multiple Benefits of Blue-Green Infrastructure and the Reduction of Environmental Risks: Case Study of Ecosystem Services Provided by a SUDS Pond

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Abstract

This paper gives an account of multiple benefits provided by Granton SUDS pond and discusses their relevance to the alleviation of environmental, economic and social risks. The pond was established in 2005 and is situated in a park, close to a supermarket and a college. It has an area of approximately 2600 m2 and a hydrographic survey carried out as part of this research provided an estimate for the pond’s volume of 1904 m3 for the normal operating conditions. However, during flooded conditions (also observed during this research) the pond’s volume increases to circa 2545 m3. The pond has considerable biodiversity value and an important amenity function. The locality is enjoyed daily by many visitors and is particularly popular with joggers, dog walkers and families. Modelling of the pond’s catchment was undertaken using the hydrodynamic model CityCAT coupled with the hydrological model SHETRAN. Changes in water discharge from the pond were simulated using the time series of precipitation and air temperature data obtained from the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). The discharge is higher in winter, which determines shorter retention times. That has implications for the observed dynamics of the hydrobiological community, with higher risk of cyanobacterial development in the summer. However, according to the ICP MS analysis of water chemistry, the observed planktonic community and the biological water quality estimated by macroinvertebrate sampling, are all broadly similar to those in other ponds. CityCAT results show that the presence of the pond delays and reduces the peak discharge after extreme precipitation events, with reductions being greater for smaller events. This study contributes to accumulating evidence of interlinkages among hydrology, ecology, biogeochemistry and biological water quality at the SUDS ponds sites, thus underlying the need for a comprehensive simultaneous consideration of their subsystems. These aspects are indispensable for reducing the risk of negative environmental effects and vital for planning future urban developments and nature-based solutions, as well as for the management of existing SUDS assets.

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Acknowledgements

Data collection for this study was, in part, supported by the EPSRC funding for the UFR project. Adrian Sumner, Heather Forbes, Alejandro Sevilla, Alice Masip, Achiraya Kraiphet, Yamina Monteiro and Cesare Pertusi are kindly thanked for their various contributions to fieldwork, data processing and identification/biological recording. Help of Garth Foster was invaluable in identifying water beetles.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Vladimir Krivtsov

  2. Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Steve Birkinshaw

  3. SUERC, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Valerie Olive

  4. Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK

    Janeé Lomax & Scott Arthur

  5. Botanical Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK

    Derek Christie

  6. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Vladimir Krivtsov

Authors
  1. Vladimir Krivtsov
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  2. Steve Birkinshaw
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  3. Valerie Olive
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  4. Janeé Lomax
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  5. Derek Christie
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  6. Scott Arthur
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vladimir Krivtsov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

    Sreevalsa Kolathayar

  2. Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Thailand

    Indrajit Pal

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Siau Chen Chian

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Arpita Mondal

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Krivtsov, V., Birkinshaw, S., Olive, V., Lomax, J., Christie, D., Arthur, S. (2022). Multiple Benefits of Blue-Green Infrastructure and the Reduction of Environmental Risks: Case Study of Ecosystem Services Provided by a SUDS Pond. In: Kolathayar, S., Pal, I., Chian, S.C., Mondal, A. (eds) Civil Engineering for Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5312-4_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5312-4_17

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-5311-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-5312-4

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