Abstract
The COVID-19 virus has brought tourism to its knees across the globe, so too in Indonesia. In the early period of the pandemic, between March and September 2020, the national debate in Indonesia (including the government, tourism businesses and academics) gradually saw the emergence of several competing discourses and narratives focused on short-term recovery of tourism, as well as potential long-term future developments. In this chapter we provide an analysis of the dominant discursive themes and their relation to the broader issue of sustainable tourism. The notion of the ‘New Normal’ clearly emerged as an overarching discourse that framed the debate throughout the period, with the notion of sustainable tourism gradually moving to the foreground as we entered the second half of 2020. Under the heading of the New Normal, three prominent issues prevailed: social distancing, health and hygiene protocols, and ‘quality tourism’. Despite the growing significance of the notion of sustainability in the Indonesian tourism discourse, the interpretations and implementation of the concept itself remains indistinct and limited. As discourses will change as circumstances change, a continued monitoring of the developing discourse and its implementation is needed to assess whether the envisioned sustainability improvements will materialize or remain rhetorical.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Awan, M. I., Shamim, A., & Ahn, J. (2020). Implementing ‘cleanliness is half of faith’ in re-designing tourists, experiences and salvaging the hotel industry in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2020-0229
Baillie, R. (2020). How social distancing has renewed our love for nature, and what it means for a sustainable future. Granite Journal, 4(1), 27–36.
Bianchi, R. V., & de Man, F. (2020). Tourism, inclusive growth and decent work: A political economy critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2–3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1730862
Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2005). From niche to general relevance? Sustainable tourism, research and the role of tourism journals. Journal of Tourism Studies 16(2), 52–62.
Brouder, P. (2020). Reset redux: Possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760928
Butcher, J. (2020). Let the good times roll (as soon as possible): Why we need a post COVID Convivial revolution. ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review, 26–29.
Carr, A. (2020). COVID-19, indigenous peoples and tourism: A view from New Zealand. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433
Cohen, E. (2002). Authenticity, equity and sustainability in tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(4), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667167
Cole, S. (2006). Information and empowerment: The keys to achieving sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(6), 629–644. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost607.0
Dynamics, H. (2020). Kebangkitan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif di Era Normal Baru [Video] Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-9f0nzpn0Q&t=2827s
Gössling, S., Michael Hall, C., & Weaver, D. B. (2008). Sustainable tourism futures: Perspectives on systems, restructuring and innovations. In Gösling, S., Hall, M. & Weaver, D. B. eds. Sustainable Tourism Futures: Perspectives on Systems, Restructuring and Innovations. London: Routledge, pp. 1-15 .https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203884256
Gössling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M., Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Pandemics, C. M. H. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
Hajer, M. A. (2006). Doing discourse analysis: Coalitions, practices, meaning. In van den Brink, M. & Metze, T. eds., Words matter in policy and Planning - Discourse Theory and Method in the Social Sciences. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, pp. 65–74.
Hohl, A. E., & Tisdell, C. A. (1995). Peripheral tourism. Development and management. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00005-Q
Huijbens, E. H. (2020). Social distancing and the promise of tourism. In ATLAS tourism and leisure review (2nd ed., pp. 22–25).
Institute, D. W. (2020). Dampak COVID-19 terhadap Desa Wisata Di Indonesia [Video]. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3dLqTMragA&t=149s
Ioannides, D., & Gyimóthy, S. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for escaping the unsustainable global tourism path. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763445
Jennings, G., Lee, Y. S., Ayling, A., Lunny, B., Cater, C., & Ollenburg, C. (2009). Quality tourism experiences: Reviews, reflections, research agendas. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 18(2–3), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368620802594169
Julita, L. (2020). Turis Asing di 2019 Capai 16 Juta, Malaysia & China Terbanyak. CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200203121719-4-134730/turis-asing-di-2019-capai-16-juta-malaysia-china-terbanyak
Kemenparekraf. (2020a). Data Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara Bulanan Tahun 2020. Retrieved from https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/post/data-kunjungan-wisatawan-mancanegara-bulanan-tahun-2020
Kemenparekraf. (2020b). Siaran Pers: Kemenparekraf Luncurkan Kampanye Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan ‘Indonesia Care.’
Khairunissa, S. N. (2020, March 3). Wisata Super Premium Pulau Komodo untuk Pariwisata Berkelanjutan? Kompas.Com. Retrieved from https://travel.kompas.com/read/2020/03/03/094423327/wisata-super-premium-pulau-komodo-untuk-pariwisata-berkelanjutan
Kooij, H. J., Van Assche, K., & Lagendijk, A. (2014). Open concepts as crystallization points and enablers of discursive configurations: The case of the innovation campus in the Netherlands. European Planning Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.731039
Lew, A. A., Cheer, J. M., Haywood, M., Brouder, P., & Salazar, N. B. (2020). Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1770326
Mebratu, D. (1998). Sustainability and sustainable development: Historical and conceptual review. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 18(6), 493–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-9255(98)00019-5
Moscardo, G., & Benckendorff, P. (2010). Sustainable luxury: Oxymoron or comfortable bedfellows? Global Sustainable Tourism, (January), 709–728. Retrieved from http://www.innotour.com/bestenBlog/wp-content/uploads/Sustainable-luxury-oxomoron-or-comfortable-bedfellows.pdf
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2015). Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the Third World: Fourth edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315795348
Mufti, R. R. (2020, May 6). Hygiene, social distancing new priorities in post-pandemic tourism. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/06/hygiene-social-distancing-new-priorities-in-post-pandemic-tourism.html
Nepal, S. K. (2020). Travel and tourism after COVID-19 – Business as usual or opportunity to reset? Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 46–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760926
Prabawanti, M. A. H. (2020, July 11). Tingkatkan Kepercayaan di Sektor Parekraf, Kemenparekraf Kampanyekan “Indonesia Care.” Kompas.Com. Retrieved from https://travel.kompas.com/read/2020/07/11/112141127/tingkatkan-kepercayaan-di-sektor-parekraf-kemenparekraf-kampanyekan-indonesia?page=all
Rahman, R., & Mufti, R. R. (2020, July 1). ‘New normal’ requires tourism players to shift focus. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/07/01/new-normal-requires-tourism-players-to-shift-focus.html
Ramidjal, M. (2020). Diskusi ASITA dan Menparekraf RI Bapak Wishnutama [Video] Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6tuSst-UWE&feature=youtu.be
Romagosa, F. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis: Opportunities for sustainable and proximity tourism. Tourism Geographies, 0(0), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1763447
Ruhanen, L. (2013). Local government: Facilitator or inhibitor of sustainable tourism development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.680463
Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B., Moyle, B. D., & McLennan, C. lee J. (2015). Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: A 25-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.978790
Sarungu, P. (2020). Bagaimana Dunia Travel Agent Setelah Pandemi COVID-19? Asita x Astindo @ Tourism Recovery Talk [Video] Youtube. Retrieved from Bagaimana Dunia Travel Agent Setelah Pandemi COVID-19 ? Asita x Astindo @ Tourism Recovery Talk.
Sharp, L., & Richardson, T. (2001). Reflections on foucauldian discourse analysis in planning and environmental policy research. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 3(3), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1002/jepp.88
Souisa, H. (2020, September 29). Indonesia’s Jurassic Park-inspired tourist attraction worries Komodo dragon fans. Abc. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-29/indonesia-jurassic-park-inspired-tourist-site-worries-locals/12688876
Syaifullah, M. (2017, November 2). Sampah, Masalah Utama Sektor Pariwisata. Tempo.Co. Retrieved from https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1029912/sampah-masalah-utama-sektor-pariwisata
UNWTO. (2020a). Global guidelines to restart tourism, (May).
UNWTO. (2020b). One planet vision for a responsible recovery of tourism. UNWTO. Retrieved from https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-06/one-planet-vision-responsible-recovery-of-the-tourism-sector.pdf
Warren, C., & Wardana, A. (2018). Sustaining the unsustainable? Environmental impact assessment and overdevelopment in Bali. Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, 21(2), 101–125. https://doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2018.02.02
Wieckardt, C. E., Koot, S., & Karimasari, N. (2020). Environmentality, green grabbing, and neoliberal conservation: The ambiguous role of ecotourism in the Green Life privatised nature reserve, Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1834564
WorldEconomicForum. (2019). The travel and tourism competitiveness report 2019 [El Informe de Competitividad de Viajes y Turismo 2019]. Retrieved from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2019.pdf
Acknowledgement
This research is funded by The Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Subandi, M.R., Doughty, K., van der Duim, R. (2022). Re-negotiating the Future for Indonesian Tourism After COVID-19: Sustainability as the New Normal?. In: Selvaranee Balasingam, A., Ma, Y. (eds) Asian Tourism Sustainability. Perspectives on Asian Tourism. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5264-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5264-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-5263-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-5264-6
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)