Abstract
In 1855, German biologist Rudolf Virchow stated that every cell arises from the preexisting cell through division. A single plant or human cell can produce a whole organism or different cell types. The property of a cell by which it can give rise to all cell types by repeated division and differentiation and produce the entire organism is known as totipotency. In the animal world, this property of cells is utilized for different purposes, viz., gene therapy, recombinant DNA technology, tissue engineering, as well as for the synthesis of biologicals including enzymes, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, growth factors, biopesticides, etc. Animal cell culture technology requires a special and sterile condition, to maintain cell culture, which helps in reducing microbial contamination. Different types of equipment such as biosafety cabinets, incubators, inverted microscopes, well plates, and different cell lines such as HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, etc., are routinely used in cell culture laboratories. Synthetic and natural culture media are used for culturing different types of cells based on their nutritional requirements. This chapter discusses the techniques, types of equipments, and cell lines involved in animal cell culture. Further, it describes how cultured animal cells can be used for various applications especially in human health and the biomedical field.
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Abbreviations
- μL:
-
Microliter
- 3D:
-
Three dimensional
- AcMNPV:
-
Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus
- ATCC:
-
American Type Culture Collection
- BHK:
-
Baby hamster kidney
- BMP:
-
Bone morphogenic protein
- BSL:
-
Biosafety level
- CHO:
-
Chinese hamster ovary
- DAPI:
-
Diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ds-RNA:
-
Double-stranded ribonucleic acid
- EGF:
-
Epidermal growth factor
- EPO:
-
Erythropoietin
- FACS:
-
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- HAMA:
-
Human anti-murine antibody
- HAT:
-
Hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine
- HeLa:
-
Henrietta Lacks
- HEPA:
-
High-efficiency particulate air filter
- HEPES:
-
Hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid
- HGPRT:
-
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- HPACC:
-
Health Protection Agency Culture Collection
- HSCs:
-
Hematopoietic stem cells
- HuIFN-Beta:
-
Human interferon-beta
- IFN:
-
Interferon
- IFN-α:
-
Interferon-alpha
- IFN-β:
-
Interferon-beta
- IFN-γ:
-
Interferon-gamma
- IGF:
-
Insulin-like growth factor
- kDa:
-
Kilodaltons
- M:
-
Minute
- mAb:
-
Monoclonal antibodies
- moi:
-
Multiplicity of infection
- MOPS:
-
Morpholino propanesulfonic acid
- MRC-5:
-
Medical Research Council cell strain 5
- MS:
-
Multiple sclerosis
- NIH:
-
National Institute of Health
- PDGF:
-
Platelet-derived growth factor
- pfu:
-
Plaque-forming-units
- polyI:polyC:
-
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
- SV40:
-
Simian vacuolating virus 40
- TGF:
-
Transforming growth factor
- t-PA:
-
Tissue plasminogen activator
- UV:
-
Ultraviolet
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- WI:
-
Wistar Institute
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Chandra, V., Tiwari, A., Pant, K.K., Bhatt, R. (2022). Animal Cell Culture: Basics and Applications. In: Verma, P. (eds) Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5214-1_24
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