Abstract
The universally integrated welfare model is a new type of welfare model, different from both the residual welfare model and the fragmented welfare model. It is a highly integrated social welfare system with universal coverage. Within the universally integrated welfare model, universality is the basis and premise for the whole system, while integration is its core and the key. The two aspects are interconnected: universality is the basis of integration while integration is the prerequisite of universality.
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Notes
- 1.
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, 2011 Statistical Bulletin on Human Resources and Social Security Development; Ministry of Health, 2011 Statistical Bulletin on Health Development.
- 2.
Sun et al. [1, p. 33].
- 3.
The so-called “Trickle-down effect” refers to the effect taking place in the process of social welfare delivery, where various in-kind resources for helping and supporting the welfare objects will be “intercepted” and “swallowed” by various intermediate links. Then there is little remaining when they finally reach the vulnerable group.
- 4.
Bi [2].
- 5.
Zheng [3, p. 182].
- 6.
Department of Rural Health Management, Ministry of Health, Survey of New Rural Cooperative Medical Care Management Organizations and Agencies by the Department of Rural Health Management, Communication on Rural Health Work, No. 14, 2006.
- 7.
Zheng [3, p. 183].
- 8.
Zheng [3, pp. 218–219].
- 9.
Zheng [4, p. 471].
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Zheng, G.: The Strategy of Social Security System Reform in China (General Theory). People’s Publishing House (2011)
Zheng, G.: Social Security: Concept, System, Practice and Speculation. The Commercial Press (2001)
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Jing, T. (2021). The Basic Features of Universally Integrated Welfare Model. In: The Welfare System of Universal Integration in China. Understanding China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4839-7_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4839-7_4
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