Abstract
Chinese CSOs have had a long history of functioning in rural areas. It was noted by some scholars that they first appeared in the form of traditional non-governmental charity and welfare organizations. Among them, there were not only social welfare organizationsthat undertook the function of civil assistance and charity but also a large number of clan organizations, as well as folk religious and entertainment organizations. The role of rural civil organizations were closely linked with the politics of traditional Chinese society.
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Notes
- 1.
Baojia system is takes “household” (family) as the basic unit of social organization. Baojia system worked in the following way: ten people first join for a cause and make sure that all nine other members of their group upheld their oath. Each member of the group has to convert nine outsiders to the cause, forming ten groups of ten, which could come together as a group of one hundred. Finally, ten groups of one hundred could meet to form a one thousand person brigade. As with the traditional baojia system, one member of each group of ten became leader of the group. Although no functional group of one thousand ever existed, there is evidence that the ten person groups played an important role in carrying out village work.
- 2.
ZhuXI, a fomous Chinese philosopher in Song Dynasty, his thoughts are representative of Confucianism in China.
- 3.
Liang Qizi, Charity and education-charity organizations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, P122, Hebei Education Press, 2001.
- 4.
Liu Bingyao (Qing Dynasty), Shaoyang County Records.
- 5.
RCA, Rotating Credit Association in Chinese County.
- 6.
See Appendix C for details.
- 7.
Duara (1988).
References
Barnes, J.A. 1969. Networks and Politcal Process. In Local-Level Politics, ed. Marc J. Swartz. London: London University Press.
Duara, Prasenjit. 1988. Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900–1942. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
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Liyiyu, Dasgupta, A. (2022). Civil Society Organizations in China. In: Alternatives in Development. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4698-0_2
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