Abstract
The authors of this chapter argued that electoral violence is a major phenomenon in Africa that seems to defy all possible solutions or remedies. They went further to state that with the current trend or love for power by Africans, especially the leaders, it is even becoming more difficult for electoral violence to be curbed in modern day Africa. More worrisome is the fact that the great percentage of these conflicts are induced by the election process as election periods in Africa are referred to as a do or die season. From the West, East and North to the Central sub-region of Africa, electoral violence has become a norm rather than an exception as there is barely a state in Africa that has not tasted the bitter pill of electoral violence. While the search for a remedy is ongoing, the study advanced an argument that paying close attention to the finance and gender factor will get Africa out of the clutches of electoral violence as both concepts have close linkages with electoral violence.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Albert, I.O. (1993). Inter-Ethnic Relations in a Nigerian City: A Historical Perspective of the Hausa-Igbo Conflicts in Kano. 1953–1991. Ibadan: IFRA.
Albert, I.O. (2007). Re-conceptualising Electoral Violence in Nigeria in Albert, I.O.; Marco, D.; and Adetula, V. (Eds.) Perspective on the 2003 Elections in Nigeria. Abuja: IDASA and Sterling Holding Publishers, pp. 47–54.
Anifowose, R. (1982). Violence and Politics in Nigeria; The Tiv and Yoruba Experience. Enugu: Nok.
Babarinsa, D. (2002). The House of War. Lagos: Tele Communication Publishers.
Bello, A. (1978). My Life. London: Cambridge University Press.
Dye, R.T. (2001). Politics in America. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Rivers.
Fearon, D.D. and Laitin, D. (2003). Ethnicity, Insurgency and Civil War. American Political Science Review, pp. 75–90.
George, A.T. (Friday, August 9, 2019). Why we Can’t Afford Violent Election. Vanguard, 43.
Gwamna, J.D. (2010). Religion and Politics in Nigeria. Jos: African Christian Textbooks (ACTS).
Friedrick, E.S. Elections and Conflicts in Sudan. Retrieved August 10, 2019 from http://www.fes.de/Gpol/en.
Human Rights Watch. (2007). Criminal Politics: Corruption, Godfatherism and the Funding of Political Violence, a Report on the 2007 General Elections in Nigeria. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from www.hrw.org/2007/01/08/CriminalPolitics.
Igbuzor, O. (2009). Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Retrieved September 6, 2010 from http://www.centrelsd.org/papers.
Johan, B. and Hoglund, K. (2016, March). Crisis of Governance in South Sudan: Electoral Politics and Violence in the World’s Newest Nation. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 54(1): 67–90.
Kenya Red Cross Society. (2008). Kenya: Electoral Violence, Operations Update (No. 18, 2008). Retrieved November 12, 2008 from https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/kenya-electoral-violence-operations-update-no-18-0.
Makum, M. and Saxena, S. (2004). Africa at the Crossroads in Mbaku, Makum; and Suresh, Saxena (Eds.) Africa at the Crossroads: Between Regionalism and Globalization. London: Praeger, pp. 1–34.
Momoh, H.B. (2000). The Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970: History and Reminiscence. Ibadan: Sam Bookman Publishers.
National Elections Data Book. (1997). Nairobi Institute for Education in Democracy.
Nwolise, O.B.C. (2007). Electoral Violence and Nigeria’s 2007 Elections. Journal of African Elections, 6(2): 155–179.
Obakhedo, N.O. (2011). Curbing Electoral Violence in Nigeria: The Imperative of Political Education. African Research Review: International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, 5(5): No. 22.
Ogbogo, E.I. (2012). Colonialism and Political Violence in Nigeria with Reference to Idoma Land 1908 to 1960. SAU Journal of Humanities, 1(1): 144–152.
Omotola, S (2008). Explaining Electoral Violence in Africa’s “new” Democracies. A paper on Electoral Reform, Political Succession and Democratization in Africa. Presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA), held at Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, November 16–19, 2008.
Osaghae, E.E. (1998). Crippled Giant: Nigeria Since Independence. London: C. Hurst and Co. Publishers Ltd.
Preventing Electoral Violence in Sudan. Retrieved September 12, 2020 from https://www.usip.org/programs/preventing-electoral-violence-sudan.
Remmer, K.L. (1995, October). New Theoretical Perspectives on Democratization. Comparative Politics, 28(1).
Rose, R. (1978). Is Choice Enough? Elections and Political Authority in Hermet, G.; Rose, R.; and Rouquie, A. (Eds). Elections Without Choice. London: Macmillan, pp. 196–212.
Salawu, B.I. and Mohammed, A.Y. (2005). The Myth of Ethnicity and Its Implications for Democracy in Saliu, H.A. (Ed). Nigeria Under Democratic Rule: 1999–2003. Vol. 11. Ibadan: University Press Plc.
Ugiagbe, T.U. (2010). Electoral Violence in Nigeria: Implications for Security, Peace and Development. Retrieved September 6, 2010 from http://www.monitor.upeace.org/archieve.cfm.
Umar, M. Z (2009). Democratic Transitions in Nigeria: Lesson Learned in Olutayo, O.A.; Ogundiya, I.S.; Amusat, J. (Eds). State and Civil Society Relations in Nigeria. Ibadan: Hope Publications Ltd., pp. 374–390.
Usman, A.F. (2009). Historical Genesis and Trends of Political Instability in Nigeria, pp. 125–139.
Wikipedia. (2013). The Online Encyclopedia and Analysis from Systex Solution Team.
Zimbabwe Political Violence and Elections. 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2019 from Research and Advocacy Unit. Users/User/Downloads/Zimbabwe%20political%20violence%20&%20elections.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Edafenene, O.R., Peter, E. (2022). Elections and Electoral Violence in Africa: Causes and Implications. In: Ani, K.J., Ojakorotu, V. (eds) Elections and Electoral Violence in Nigeria. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4652-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4652-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-4651-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-4652-2
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)