Abstract
Plants grow and develop under harsh environments, where they receive water, light, minerals, and other products in a dynamic cycle. Sometimes, the essentiality gets compromised when a plant’s local environment gets disturbed either due to scarcity or excessive availability of the abiotic factors. Plants have adapted a diverse variety of mechanisms to overcome these abiotic stresses. Apart from their own well-developed defence strategies, they sometimes require help from the organisms that live in close association with the plants. One such group of organisms are the endophytic bacteria that live inside the host plant and help them to survive harsh conditions such as salt stress, drought, flood, heavy metal stress, high and low temperatures, and variable light intensity. They also provide support to the plant to mitigate the risk caused by other biotic stress sources.
They enter the plant or the host body from various entry points, both above and below the ground. They trigger the systemic response and interfere with the phytohormone signalling mechanisms by controlling the gene expression of various stress-associated genes. The endophytic bacteria have been a good and an alternative source to insecticides and pesticides to prevent a high loss of crops per hectare and thus are being used widely to address the food security challenge globally. Here, we discuss various classes of endophytic bacteria that live in association with the plants and help them to overcome the abiotic stresses by promoting plant growth and via other alternative mechanisms.
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Malik, G., Arora, R. (2022). Endophytic Bacteria: Mitigating Abiotic Stress from Inside. In: Singh, A.K., Tripathi, V., Shukla, A.K., Kumar, P. (eds) Bacterial Endophytes for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4497-9_2
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