Skip to main content

Skin Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Networking, Intelligent Systems and Security

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 237))

  • 997 Accesses

Abstract

Skin detection is an essential step in many human–machine interaction systems such as e-learning, security, communication… etc., it consists of extracting regions containing the skin in a digital image. This problem has become the subject of considerable research in the scientific community where a variety of approaches has been proposed in the literature; however, few recent reviews exist. Our principal goal in this paper is to extract skin regions using a Convolutional neural network called LeNet5. Our framework is divided into three main parts: At first, a deep learning is performed to Lenet5 network using 3354 positive examples and 5590 negative examples from SFA dataset, then and after a preprocessing of each arbitrary image the trained network will classify image pixels into skin/non-skin. Lastly, a thresholding and prost-processing of classified regions is carried out. The tests were carried out on images of variable complexity: indoor, outdoor, variable lighting, simple and complex background. The results obtained are very encouraging, we show the qualitative and quantitative results obtained on SFA and BAO datasets.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Naji, S., Jalab, H.A., Kareem, S.A.: A survey on skin detection in colored images. Artif. Intell. Rev. 52, 1041–1087 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-018-9664-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zuo, H., Fan, H., Blasch, E., Ling, H.: Combining convolutional and recurrent neural networks for human skin detection. IEEE Sig. Process. Lett. 24, 289–293 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2017.2654803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zarit, B.D., Super, B.J., Quek, F.K.H.: Comparison of five color models in skin pixel classification. In: Proceedings International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems. In Conjunction with ICCV’99 (Cat. No. PR00378). pp. 58–63 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/RATFG.1999.799224

  4. Phung, S.L., Bouzerdoum, A., Chai, D.: Skin segmentation using color pixel classification: analysis and comparison. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27, 148–154 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2005.17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ashwini, A., Murugan, S.: Automatic skin tumour segmentation using prioritized patch based region—a novel comparative technique. IETE J. Res. 1, 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2020.1808091

  6. Li, B., Xue, X., Fan, J.: A robust incremental learning framework for accurate skin region segmentation in color images. Pattern Recogn. 40, 3621–3632 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2007.04.018

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Poudel, R.P., Nait-Charif, H., Zhang, J.J., Liu, D.: Region-based skin color detection. In: VISAPP (1) VISAPP 2012-Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications 1, pp. 301–306. VISAPP (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kolkur, S., Kalbande, D., Shimpi, P., Bapat, C., Jatakia, J.: Human skin detection using RGB, HSV and YCbCr Color Models. In: Presented at the International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing 2016 (ICCASP 2016) (2016). https://doi.org/10.2991/iccasp-16.2017.51

  9. Brancati, N., De Pietro, G., Frucci, M., Gallo, L.: Human skin detection through correlation rules between the YCb and YCr subspaces based on dynamic color clustering. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 155, 33–42 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2016.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Verma, A., Raj, S.A., Midya, A., Chakraborty, J.: Face detection using skin color modeling and geometric feature. In: 2014 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics Vision (ICIEV). pp. 1–6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEV.2014.6850755

  11. Shaik, K.B., Ganesan, P., Kalist, V., Sathish, B.S., Jenitha, J.M.M.: Comparative study of skin color detection and segmentation in HSV and YCbCr color space. Procedia Comput. Sci. 57, 41–48 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nadian-Ghomsheh, A.: Pixel-based skin detection based on statistical models. J. Telecommun. Electron. Comput. Eng. (JTEC) 8, 7–14 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Oghaz, M.M.D., Argyriou, V., Monekosso, D., Remagnino, P.: Skin identification using deep convolutional neural network. In: Bebis, G., Boyle, R., Parvin, B., Koracin, D., Ushizima, D., Chai, S., Sueda, S., Lin, X., Lu, A., Thalmann, D., Wang, C., Xu, P. (eds.) Advances in Visual Computing, pp. 181–193. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33720-9_14

  14. Kim, Y., Hwang, I., Cho, N.I.: Convolutional neural networks and training strategies for skin detection. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 3919–3923 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2017.8297017

  15. Lecun, Y., Jackel, L.D., Bottou, L., Cartes, C., Denker, J.S., Drucker, H., Müller, U., Säckinger, E., Simard, P., Vapnik, V., et al.: Learning algorithms for classification: a comparison on handwritten digit recognition. In: Neural Networks: The Statistical Mechanics Perspective, pp. 261–276. World Scientific (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lecun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86, 2278–2324 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/5.726791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang, G., Gong, J.: Facial expression recognition based on improved LeNet-5 CNN. In: 2019 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), pp. 5655–5660 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC.2019.8832535

  18. Zhang, C.-W., Yang, M.-Y., Zeng, H.-J., Wen, J.-P.: Pedestrian detection based on improved LeNet-5 convolutional neural network. J. Algorithms Comput. Technol. 13, 1748302619873601 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1748302619873601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang, C., Yue, X., Wang, R., Li, N., Ding, Y.: Study on traffic sign recognition by optimized Lenet-5 algorithm. Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell. 34, 2055003 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218001420550034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang, T., Lu, C., Shen, G., Hong, F.: Sleep apnea detection from a single-lead ECG signal with automatic feature-extraction through a modified LeNet-5 convolutional neural network. PeerJ7, e7731 (2019) https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7731

  21. Casati, J.P.B., Moraes, D.R., Rodrigues, E.L.L.: SFA: a human skin image database based on FERET and AR facial images. In: IX workshop de Visao Computational, Rio de Janeiro (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Phillips, P.J., Moon, H., Rizvi, S.A., Rauss, P.J.: The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 22, 1090–1104 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/34.879790

  23. Martinez, A., Benavente, R.: The AR face database. Tech. Rep. 24 CVC Technical Report. (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, X., Xu, H., Wang, H., Li, H.: Robust real-time face detection with skin color detection and the modified census transform. In: 2008 International Conference on Information and Automation, pp. 590–595 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICINFA.2008.4608068

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work described herein was partially supported by 8 Mai 1945 University and PRFU project through the grant number C00L07UN240120200001. The authors thank the staff of LAIG laboratory, who provided financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chemesse Ennehar Bencheriet .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bordjiba, Y., Bencheriet, C.E., Mabrek, Z. (2022). Skin Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network. In: Ben Ahmed, M., Teodorescu, HN.L., Mazri, T., Subashini, P., Boudhir, A.A. (eds) Networking, Intelligent Systems and Security. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 237. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3637-0_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics