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Biomaterials and Scaffolds in Stem Cell Therapy

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Stem Cells in Veterinary Science

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Abstract

In the recent past, stem cell therapy has considerably revolutionized regenerative therapy; however, still, it is not perfect for treating diseases due to several limitations like transplantation of stem cells alone exhibits low therapeutic efficacy due to poor viability and regenerative activity of transplanted cells. There is a high scope for the improvement of ex vivo stem cell culture and its delivery system. Growth factors and cytokines regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation; besides this, they also require biophysical cues at their niche. To overcome these limitations, techniques of tissue engineering use scaffolds. Scaffold opens new avenues for producing engineered tissue substitutes and thus by quality organ repair. Biophysical signals from bioscaffolds such as mechanical forces, nanotopography, stiffness of the matrix, and surface features of the biomaterial influence stem cells’ fate. Several types of scaffolds are being used derived from natural biomaterials or synthetic materials having their own merits and demerits. Biodegradability and biologically active properties are the major advantages of natural bioscaffolds over synthetic scaffolds. However, the major drawback of natural scaffolds is the risk of carrying cross-contaminated from the sources. Technologies evolved to mold the biomaterials into three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to simulate tissue architecture to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Combining stem cell technologies with biomaterial-based scaffolds enhance stem cell viability, differentiation, and therapeutic efficacy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, BHU, RGSC, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mukesh Kumar Bharti

  2. Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vikash Chandra & G. Taru Sharma

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  1. Mukesh Kumar Bharti
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  2. Vikash Chandra
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioinformatics, College of Animal Biotechnology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Ratan Kumar Choudhary

  2. Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Shanti Choudhary

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Bharti, M.K., Chandra, V., Sharma, G.T. (2021). Biomaterials and Scaffolds in Stem Cell Therapy. In: Choudhary, R.K., Choudhary, S. (eds) Stem Cells in Veterinary Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3464-2_15

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