Abstract
The development of permanent or temporary pedestrian areas, whether for leisure or to decrease air pollution, has become an integral part of urban planning in numerous cities around the world. Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, began to implement its first area, around the iconic Hoan Kiem lake, a few years ago. In most of cases, however, road closure is likely to deport traffic to nearby neighbourhoods with the consequences of intensifying congestion and, possibly, increasing air pollution in these areas. Because this outcome might appear counter-intuitive to most stakeholders, it is becoming more and more necessary to analyse, assess and share the impacts of these developments in terms of traffic and pollution shifts before implementing them. In this project, we used the GAMA platform to build an agent-based model that simulates the traffic, its emissions of air pollutants, and the diffusion of these pollutants in the district of Hoan Kiem. This simulation has been designed so as to serve either as a decision support tool for local authorities or as an awareness-raising tool for the general public: thanks to its display on a physical 3D model of the district, people can effectively and naturally interact with it at public venues. Although more accurate data and more realistic diffusion models are necessary and will need further research in the future, the simulation is already able to reflect traffic and air pollution peaks during rush hours, allowing residents and developers to understand the impact of pedestrianization on air quality in different scenarios.
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Notes
- 1.
[37] illustrates a genealogy of traffic flow models.
- 2.
The model is mesoscopic because we rely on the Underwood model to compute vehicle speeds.
- 3.
[19] shown that displaying a flood simulation even on a flat table for participative simulations provides a much better immersion for participants and increase discussions than displaying it on a wall.
- 4.
LakeViz3D project: http://lakeviz.org.
- 5.
The model is open-source and available for its GitHub repository: https://github.com/WARMTeam/HoanKiemAir.
- 6.
To be more precise, the decay factor has to be understood as the remaining ratio of pollutant after decay. If it values 0.99, this means that after decay, 99% of pollutants are kept or in other words, that they have been reduced by 1%.
- 7.
OpenStreetMap: www.openstreetmap.org.
- 8.
A video is available to illustrate the dynamics of simulations at the address: https://youtu.be/U2w0GtLHACU.
- 9.
STL is a datafile format describing 3D objects and very common as an input for 3D printers.
- 10.
The full process and in particular the various softwares used are documented on the HoanKiemAir GitHub repository: https://github.com/WARMTeam/HoanKiemAir/tree/master/stl_convert.
- 11.
Apache ActiveMQ is an implementation of an MQTT broker, see http://activemq.apache.org/.
- 12.
constant traffic is the mode also used when we want the user to change itself the number of vehicles through the application.
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Acknowledgement
The HoanKiemAir project was funded by the French embassy in Vietnam, in collaboration with the Hoan Kiem district People’s Committee and PRX Vietnam.
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Brugière, A. et al. (2021). Experimenting the Impact of Pedestrianisation on Urban Pollution Using Tangible Agent-Based Simulations: Application to Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam. In: Mohd, M.H., Misro, M.Y., Ahmad, S., Nguyen Ngoc, D. (eds) Modelling, Simulation and Applications of Complex Systems. CoSMoS 2019. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 359. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2629-6_4
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