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Potential Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

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Biomarkers and Biosensors for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

Biomarkers provide a platform to aid early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the disease. In the case of cervical cancer, the biomarkers primarily serve to identify the viral infection at a precancerous stage in order to aid in early intervention. They are broadly classified into molecular markers (nucleic acid based) and protein-based markers. Nucleic acid-based molecular markers are primarily based on the detection of HPV as the integration of HPV DNA into the host genome is a critical player in progression of the tumor. In addition, specific DNA loci in the human genome are also reported to have global and local epigenetic variation in the presence of HPV infection and thus act as suitable biomarkers. Less common but reliable nucleic acid-based markers include analysis of non-coding RNA such as miRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). The non-coding RNA and epigenetics-based screening platforms are currently at a nascent stage and thence further basic science research is essential to prove their clinical applicability. Protein-based biomarkers include differentially expressed host protein due to the influence of HPV oncoproteins. These biomarkers broadly fall into the categories of cell cycle regulators (KIF11, DTL), tumor suppressors (CBX7, KLK10), or proto-oncogenes (HBXIP, SMC4). Thence, an in-depth evaluation of the molecular and protein-based biomarkers will pave the way to affordable, simple, selective, and specific detection of cervical cancer at an early stage.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for the financial support through Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC) project “SPARC/2018-2019/P402/SL” We also acknowledge the support received from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea for the Basic Science Research Program funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2019R1A6A1A03033215). We are grateful to SASTRA Deemed University, India and SKKU, South Korea for providing infrastructural support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea

    Shrute Kannappan

  2. Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea

    Shrute Kannappan

  3. School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea

    Jung Heon Lee

  4. School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea

    Jung Heon Lee

  5. Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea

    Jung Heon Lee

  6. Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Muthaiyan Lakshmanakumar & John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan

  7. Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Noel Nesakumar

  8. School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Noel Nesakumar

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  1. Shrute Kannappan
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  2. Jung Heon Lee
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  3. Muthaiyan Lakshmanakumar
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  4. John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
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  5. Noel Nesakumar
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Correspondence to Noel Nesakumar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

    John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan

  2. School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea (Republic of)

    Jung Heon Lee

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Kannappan, S., Lee, J.H., Lakshmanakumar, M., Rayappan, J.B.B., Nesakumar, N. (2021). Potential Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer. In: Rayappan, J.B.B., Lee, J.H. (eds) Biomarkers and Biosensors for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2586-2_3

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