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An Analytical Study on Electric Generators and Load Control Schemes for Small Hydro Isolated Systems

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Latest Trends in Renewable Energy Technologies

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 760))

Abstract

This paper presents an investigative study on electric generator (EG) solution and load control schemes for small/micro hydro-based off-grid/standalone/isolated applications. The speed of the turbines in the small hydro is maintained at a constant value. As the prime-mover of the generator is a constant, the out of the generator is also referred to as constant in micro hydro system. Currently, the following electric generators (EGs) become popular for small hydro applications due to their merits: self-excited induction generator (SEIG), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), brush-less synchronous generator (BLSG), switched reluctance generator (SRG) and synchronous reluctance generator (SynRG). Through the working phenomena and steady-state analysis of the generators, this paper summarizes the schematic working topologies of the generators. The paper exemplifies equivalent circuit models of EGs in steady-state condition. It also focuses on minimum excitation requirements to operate the electric generators in the standalone mode of operation. Load control schemes plays a vital role in off-grid hydro applications to balance the power in the total system according to the loads. This paper illustrates the working phenomena and various controlling approaches of load control schemes. The paper aims at critical review on various generators and load management schemes for further feasibility studies and needful in isolated rural electrification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga, 585367, India

    B. V. Murali Krishna

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, 534101, India

    V. Sandeep

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  1. B. V. Murali Krishna
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  1. School of Renewable Energy and Efficiency, National Institute of Technology, Haryana, India

    Shelly Vadhera

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India

    Bhimrao S. Umre

  3. College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Akhtar Kalam

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Krishna, B.V.M., Sandeep, V. (2021). An Analytical Study on Electric Generators and Load Control Schemes for Small Hydro Isolated Systems. In: Vadhera, S., Umre, B.S., Kalam, A. (eds) Latest Trends in Renewable Energy Technologies. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 760. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1186-5_9

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