Abstract
Cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys are not only broadly applied in engineering fields but also in manufacturing of surgical implants components and medical devices due to its outstanding properties of wear resistance and great biocompatibility as demanding in the vivo environment. However, these alloys classified as difficult to cut materials as it presents several characteristics such as high hardness, low thermal conductivity, high wear resistance and strain hardening which contribute to its poor machinability. Although these CoCrMo alloys are theoretically similar to titanium alloy in terms of properties but the studies on machining of CoCrMo alloys still insufficient. This paper provides a review on machining aspects of cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys including the properties and machinability, cutting fluid methods and tool material selection for these alloys.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Zaman HA, Sharif S, Kim DW, Idris MH, Suhaimi MA, Tumurkhuyag Z (2017) Machinability of cobalt-based and cobalt chromium molybdenum alloys - a review. Procedia Manuf 11(6):563–570
Zaman HA, Sharif S, Idris MH, Kurniawan D (2017) Effect of high speed end milling of Co-28Cr-6Mo cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy using uncoated and coated carbide tools. J Eng Appl Sci 12(4):945–949
Keaveney S, Baron S, Ahearne E, Connolly P, Byrne G (2015) An assessment of medical grade cobalt chromium alloy ASTM F1537 as a difficult-to-cut (DTC) material. In: 2015 The Proceedings of MTTRF 2015 Annual Meeting
Shi H (2016) Interactions between inflammatory cells and CoCrMo alloy surfaces under simulated inflammatory conditions. Dissertation, Syracuse University
Ahearne E, Baron S (2017) Fundamental mechanisms in orthogonal cutting of medical grade cobalt chromium alloy (ASTM F75). CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 19:1–6
Shokrani A, Dhokia V, Newman ST (2012) Environmentally conscious machining of difficult-to-machine materials with regard to cutting fluids. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 57:83–101
Al Jabbari YS (2014) Physico-mechanical properties and prosthodontic applications of Co-Cr dental alloys: a review of the literature. J Adv Prosthodont 6(2):138–145
Roach M (2007) Base metal alloys used for dental restorations and implants. Dent Clin N Am 51:603–627
Gonçalves SEP, Bresciani E (2017) Reconstructions using alloys and ceramics. Material-Tissue Interfacial Phenomena, pp 23–66
Karpuschewski B, Döring J (2016) Influence of the tool geometry on the machining of cobalt chromium femoral heads. Procedia CIRP 49:67–71
Wharton JA, Wood RJK (2005) Micro-abrasion – corrosion of a CoCrMo alloy in simulated artificial hip joint environments. Wear 259:898–909
Djokić SS (2012) Modern Aspect of Electrochemistry
Nakatsukasa Y (2004) Improving tool life in end milling of cobalt chromium molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) alloy. Jpn Soc Mech Eng 70(No3):407–411
Bruschi S, Ghiotti A, Bordin A (2013) Effect of the process parameters on the machinability characteristics of a CoCrMo alloy. Key Eng Mater 554–557:1976–1983
Jia Y, Kim BS, Hu DJ, Ni J (2010) Experimental investigations into near-dry milling EDM of stellite alloys. Int J Mach Mach Mater 7:96–111
Bordin A, Bruschi S, Ghiotti A (2014) The effect of cutting speed and feed rate on the surface integrity in dry turning of CoCrMo alloy. Procedia CIRP 13:219–224
Bagci E, Kentli A (2007) Experimental observation of tool wear, cutting forces and chip morphology in face milling of cobalt based super-alloy with physical vapour deposition coated and uncoated tool. Mater Des 28:1880–1888
Bahçe E, Güler MS, Emir E (2020) Investigation of surface quality of CoCrMo alloy used in the tibial component of the knee prosthesis according to the methods of turning and turning-grinding. Medziagotyra 26(1):41–48
Ferreira P, Simões F, Relvas C (2014) Experimental analysis of milling operations in Ti-6Al-4 V and Co-28Cr-6Mo alloys for medical devices, vol 612, pp 1282–1293
Singh RK, Dixit AR, Mandal A et al (2017) Emerging application of nanoparticle-enriched cutting fluid in metal removal processes: a review. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 39:4677–4717
Karpuschewski B, Pieper HJ, Döring J (2014) Impact of the cooling system on the cutting of medical cobalt chromium with ceramic cutting inserts. Prod Eng Res Devel 8:613–618
Sharma VS, Dogra M, Suri NM (2009) Cooling techniques for improved productivity in turning. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 49:435–453
Lawal SA, Choudhury IA, Nukman Y (2013) A critical assessment of lubrication techniques in machining processes: a case for minimum quantity lubrication using vegetable oil-based lubricant. J Clean Prod 41:210–221
Yazid MZA, Cheharon CH, Ghani JA, Ibrahim GA, Said AYM (2012) Surface integrity of Inconel 718 when finish turning with PVD coated carbide tool under MQL. Procedia Eng 19:396–401
Balazic M, Kopac J (2007) Improvements of medical implants based on modern materials and new technologies. J Achievements Mater Manuf Eng 25(2):31–34
McParland D, Baron S, O’Rourke S et al (2019) Prediction of tool-wear in turning of medical grade cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy (ASTM F75) using non-parametric Bayesian models. J Intell Manuf 30:1259–1270
Jagtap K, Pawade R (2017) A comparative analysis of cutting forces in precision turning of Co-Cr-Mo Bio-implant alloy in dry and wet machining environments, vol 137, pp 234–241
Jianxin D, Jiantou Z, Hui Z, Pei Y (2011) Wear mechanisms of cemented carbide tools in dry cutting of precipitation hardening semi-austenitic stainless steels. Wear 270(7–8):520–527
Braga DU, Diniz AE, Miranda GWA, Coppini NL (2002) Using a minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) and a diamond coated tool in the drilling of aluminum - silicon alloys. J Mater Process Technol 122:127–138
Zaman HA, Sharif S, Idris MH, Mohruni AS, Ndaruhadi PYMW, Wong ECK (2019) High speed end milling of cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy using solid carbide tool under MQL condition. In: AIP Conference Proceedings
Bruni C, Forcellese A, Gabrielli F, Simoncini MÃ (2006) Effect of the lubrication-cooling technique, insert technology and machine bed material on the workpart surface finish and tool wear in finish turning of AISI 420B. Int J Mach Manuf 46:1547–1554
Shaw MC (2005) Metal cutting priciples
Baron S, Desmond D, Ahearne E (2019) The fundamental mechanisms of wear of cementedcarbide in continuous cutting of medical grade cobalt chromium alloy (ASTM F75). Wear 424–425(9):89–96
Ezugwu EO, Bonney J, Yamane Y (2003) An overview of the machinability of aeroengine alloys. J Mater Process Technol 134:233–253
Davim JP (2011) Machining of Hard Materials
Shao H, Li L, Liu LJ, Zhang SZ (2013) Study on machinability of a stellite alloy with uncoated and coated carbide tools in turning. J Manuf Process 15:673–681
Badaluddin NA, Fathul W, Zamri HW, Din MF (2018) Coatings of cutting tools and their contribution to improve mechanical properties: a brief review. Int J Appl Eng Res 13(14):11653–11664
Dijmarescu MR, Popovici TD, Tarba IC, Dijmarescu MC, Bisu CF (2018) An experimental study on cutting forces when machining a CoCrMo alloy. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol 400
Dijmarescu MR, Popovici TD, Tarba IC, Dijmarescu MC, Bisu CF (2018) Study on the influence of cutting parameters on surface quality when machining a CoCrMo alloy. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol 400
Bordin A, Ghiotti A, Bruschi S, Facchini L, Bucciotti F (2014) Machinability characteristics of wrought and EBM CoCrMo alloys. Procedia CIRP 14:89–94
Acknowledgement
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) with grant No: FRGS/1/2018/TK03/UNIMAP/03/4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Saravanan, R., Hamidon, R., Murad, N.M., Zailani, Z.A. (2021). Machining of Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum (CoCrMo) Alloys: A Review. In: Bahari, M.S., Harun, A., Zainal Abidin, Z., Hamidon, R., Zakaria, S. (eds) Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-0865-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-0866-7
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)