Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine typically involve design and development of a biocompatible and bioresorbable scaffold, followed by seeding and culturing of cells within the scaffold, and subsequent maturation into a tissue of interest. However, inherent diffusion restrictions in such top-down tissue engineering approach make the construction of large-scale tissues far from reality. 3D bioprinting technology has emerged as an innovative bottom-up tissue engineering approach which aims to biofabricate clinical scale tissues/organs with intricate details. This fascinating computer-aided additive manufacturing process typically involves extrusion of cell-laden hydrogels, popularly termed as bioinks, through a nozzle of definite diameter and collection or otherwise printing on a base in the form of a 3D structure of interest. In this chapter, we start with (a) historical background, typical setup, work flow, types and working principles of 3D bioprinting, (b) insights into bioinks including ideal characteristics of a bioink, various types of polymeric tissue specific and combinatorial formulations, and (c) various approaches in 3D bioprinting such as those based on one component, multi-component, sacrificial component based formulations and other combinatorial modes including electrospinning. The chapter ends with a summary of the key advances up to date and a note on future prospects.
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Abbreviations
- 3D:
-
Three dimensional
- CAD :
-
Computer aided design
- ECM :
-
Extracellular matrix
- FDM :
-
Fused deposition modeling
- HUVEC :
-
Human umbilical endothelial cells
- RGD :
-
Arginine-glycine-aspartate
- SLA :
-
Stereolithography
- UV :
-
Ultraviolet
- VEGF :
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Acknowledgements
Authors acknowledge Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (An Institution of National Importance), Thiruvananthapuram for funding liver and skin 3D bioprinting programs (TRC-P8141 and TRC-P8137).
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Anupama Sekar, J. et al. (2021). 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Current Landscape and Future Prospects. In: Bhaskar, B., Sreenivasa Rao, P., Kasoju, N., Nagarjuna, V., Baadhe, R.R. (eds) Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0002-9_17
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