Abstract
Energy is a precious resource and that has to be saved for a sustainable hassle-free future. The main objective of this paper is to save the base stations energy in order to increase the nodes lifetime in a network. This paper focuses on 5G networks by considering a heterogeneous nature of cells, i.e., macro and small cells. Both low-data and high-data traffic rates are taken into account. The base station will be serving the user environments that tend to overlap the nearby base stations area. Therefore, making the other base station to remain in a sleep state, and save the base stations energy. A binary particle swarm optimization is formulated for solving this approach to save the base stations energy. The results obtained are compared with the conventional schemes, and it is inferred that the proposed approach is better than the existing approaches. The aggregate delay is less according to this proposed method.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wu J, Zhang Y, Zukerman M (2015) Energy-efficient base-station sleep-mode techniques in green cellular networks: a survey. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 17(2):803–826
Webb M, GeSI (Global e-Sustainability Initiative). SMART (2020) Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age. The Climate Group, Lambeth, London, p 2008
Fehske A, Fettweis G, Malmodin J, Biczok G (2011) The global footprint of mobile communications: the ecological and economic perspective. IEEE Commun Mag 49(8):55–62
Zhang J, Wu M, Zhao M (2020) Energy-efficient switching on/off strategies analysis for dense cellular networks with partial conventional base-stations, special section on green communications on wireless networks. IEEE Access 8:9133–9145
Hasan Z, Boostanimehr H, Bhargava VK (2011) Green cellular networks: a survey, some research issues and challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 13:524–540
Son K, Kim H, Yi Y, Krishnamachari B (2011) Base station operation and user association mechanisms for energy-delay tradeoffs in green cellular networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 29:1525–1536
Han T, Ansari N (2013) On greening cellular networks via multicell cooperation. IEEE Wirel Commun 20:82–89
Liu C, Natarajan B, Xia H (2016) Small cell base station sleep strategies for energy efficiency. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 65:1652–1661
Ashraf I, Boccardi F, Ho L (2011) SLEEP mode techniques for small cell deployments. IEEE Commun Mag 49:72–79
Ghosh P, Das SS, Naravaram S, Chandhar P (2012) Energy saving in OFDMA cellular systems using base-station sleep mode: 3GPP-LTE a case study. In: Proceedings of the national conference on communications (NCC). Kharagpur, pp 1–5
Darnnjanovic A, Montojo J, Wei Y, Ji T, Luo T, Vajapeyam M, Yoo T, Song O, MaUadi D (2011) A survey on 3GPP heterogeneous networks. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 18:10–21
Saker L, Elayoubi SE, Combes R, Chahed T (2012) Optimal control of wake up mechanisms of Femtocells in heterogeneous networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 30:664–672
Wildemeersch M, Quek TQS, Slump CH, Rabbachin A (2013) Cognitive small cell networks: energy efficiency and trade-offs. IEEE Trans Commun 61:4016–4029
Feng M, Mao S, Jiang T (2016) BOOST: Base station on-off switching strategy for energy efficient massive mimo hetnets. In: Proceedings of the 35th annual international conference on computer communications, IEEE INFOCOM 2016. San Francisco, CA, USA, pp 1395–1403
Cai S, Che Y, Duan L, Wang J, Zhou S, Zhang R (2016) Green 5G heterogeneous networks through dynamic small-cell operation. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 34:1103–1115
Antonopoulos A, Kartsakli E, Bousia A, Alonso L, Verikoukis C (2015) Energy-efficient infrastructure sharing in multi-operator mobile networks. IEEE Commun Mag 53:242–249
Ebrahim A, Alsusa E (2017) Interference and resource management through sleep mode selection in heterogeneous networks. IEEE Trans Commun 65(1):257–269
Chang P, Miao G (2017) Energy and spectral efficiency of cellular networks with discontinuous transmission. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 16(5):2991–3002
Kim J, Lee H-W, Chong S (2018) Traffic-aware energy-saving base station sleeping and clustering in cooperative networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 17(2):1173–1186
Oikonomakou M, Antonopoulos A, Alonso L, Verikoukis C (2015) Cooperative base station switching off in multi-operator shared heterogeneous network. In: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE global communications conference. San Diego, CA, USA, pp 1–6
Ishii H, Kishiyama Y, Takahashi H (2012) A novel architecture for LTE-B: C-plane/U-plane split and phantom cell concept. In: Proceedings of the IEEE GLOBECOM workshops. Anaheim, CA, USA, pp 624–630
Astely D, Dahlman E, Fodor G, Parkvall S, Sachs J (2013) LTE release 12 and beyond. IEEE Commun Mag 51:154–160
Mukherjee S, Ishii H (2013) Energy efficiency in the phantom cell enhanced local area architecture. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC). Shanghai, China, pp 1267–1272
Usama M, Erol-Kantarci M (2019) A survey on recent trends and open issues in energy efficiency of 5G. Sensors 19(3126):1–23
Alsharif MH, Kelechi AH, Kim J, Kim JH (2019) Energy efficiency and coverage trade-off in 5G for eco-friendly and sustainable cellular networks. Symmetry 11(408):1–21
Wu J, Wong EWM, Chan Y, Zukerman M (2017) ‘Energy efficiency—QoS tradeoff in cellular networks with base-station sleeping. In: Proceedings IEEE GLOBECOM communications conference, pp 1–7
Luo J, Chen Q, Tang L (2018) Reducing power consumption by joint sleeping strategy and power control in delay-aware C-RAN. IEEE Access 6:14655–14667
Tang L, Wang W, Wang Y, Chen Q (2017) An energy-saving algorithm with joint user association, clustering, and ON/OFF strategies in dense heterogeneous networks. IEEE Access 5:12988–13000
James J, Li VO (2014) Base station switching problem for green cellular networks with social spider algorithm. In: Proceedings of IEEE congress on evolutionary computation. Beijing, China, pp 2338–2344
Beitelmal T, Yanikomeroglu H (2014) A set cover based algorithm for cell switch-off with different cell sorting criteria. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on communications workshops, pp 641–646
Khanesar MA, Teshnehlab M, Shoorehdeli MA (2007) A novel binary particle swarm optimization. In: Mediterranean conference on control and automation
Wu J, Wong EWM, Guo J, Zukerman M (2017) Performance analysis of green cellular networks with selective base-station sleeping. Perform Eval 111:17–36
Auer G, Giannini V, Desset C, Godor I, Skillermark P, Olsson M, Imran M, Sabella D, Gonzalez M, Blume O et al (2011) How much energy is needed to run a wireless network? IEEE Wirel Commun 18:40–49
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support and encouragement by the Management, Principal, and Head of Department of Computer Applications and Electronics and Communication Engineering, toward this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Navin Dhinnesh, A.D.C., Sabapathi, T. (2021). Mechanism for Saving Base Stations Energy Using Binary Particle Swarm Optimization. In: Smys, S., Palanisamy, R., Rocha, Á., Beligiannis, G.N. (eds) Computer Networks and Inventive Communication Technologies. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 58. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9647-6_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9647-6_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-9646-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-9647-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)