Abstract
This chapter focuses on the preparation of partially reduced rGO/geopolymer matrix composites by in situ synthesis using metakaolin, alkaline solution and GO as raw materials. The effects of reduction temperature and time of alkaline reduction on the characteristics and microstructure before and after GO reduction are systematically studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and so on. The reduction transformation mechanism of GO under the alkaline solution is also discussed. The synthesis of in situ reduced rGO/geopolymer provides a new and green way to prepare the composite, which may be attractive for applications in the future.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
X.B. Fan, W.C. Peng, Y. Li et al., Deoxygenation of exfoliated graphite oxide under alkaline conditions: a green route to graphene preparation[J]. Adv. Mater. 20, 4490–4493 (2008)
J.P. Rourke, P.A. Pandey, J.J. Moore et al., The real graphene oxide revealed: stripping the oxidative debris from the graphene-like sheets[J]. Angew. Chem. 123(14), 3231–3235 (2011)
S. Yan, Geopolymerization and Ceramic Formation Mechanism of the Graphene Oxide Reinforced Geopolymer[D] (Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 2016) (in Chinese)
S. Yan, P. He, D. Jia et al., In situ fabrication and characterization of graphene/geopolymer composites[J]. Ceram. Int. 41, 11242–11250 (2015)
S. Pei, H.M. Cheng, The reduction of graphene oxide[J]. Carbon 50(9), 3210–3228 (2012)
S. Yan, P. He, D. Jia et al., Effect of reduced graphene oxide content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene–geopolymer nanocomposites[J]. Ceram. Int. 42(1), 752–758 (2016)
S. Yan, P. He, D. Jia et al., Effects of treatment temperature on the reduction of GO under alkaline solution during the preparation of graphene/geopolymer composites[J]. Ceram. Int. 42, 18181–18188 (2016)
M.J. Fernandez-Merino, L. Guardia, J.I. Paredes et al., Vitamin C is an ideal substitute for hydrazine in the reduction of graphene oxide suspensions[J]. J. Phy. Chem. C 114(14), 6426–6432 (2010)
X. Zhou, J. Zhang, H. Wu et al., Reducing graphene oxide via hydroxylamine: a simple and efficient route to graphene[J]. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(24), 11957–11961 (2011)
X. Zhang, K. Li, H. Li et al., Graphene nanosheets synthesis via chemical reduction of graphene oxide using sodium acetate trihydrate solution[J]. Synth. Met. 193, 132–138 (2014)
J.N. Tiwari, K. Mahesh, N.H. Le et al., Reduced graphene oxide-based hydrogels for the efficient capture of dye pollutants from aqueous solutions[J]. Carbon 56, 173–182 (2013)
D. Luo, G. Zhang, J. Liu et al., Evaluation criteria for reduced graphene oxide[J]. J. Phy. Chem. C 115(23), 11327–11335 (2011)
G. Wang, J. Yang, J. Park et al., Facile synthesis and characterization of graphene nanosheets[J]. J. Phy. Chem. C 112(22), 8192–8195 (2008)
S.D. Perera, R.G. Mariano, N. Nijem et al., Alkaline deoxygenated graphene oxide for supercapacitor applications: An effective green alternative for chemically reduced graphene[J]. J. Power Sources 215, 1–10 (2012)
H. Porwal, S. Grasso, M.K. Mani et al., In situ reduction of graphene oxide nanoplatelet during spark plasma sintering of a silica matrix composite[J]. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 34(14), 3357–3364 (2014)
W. Chen, L. Yan, Preparation of graphene by a low-temperature thermal reduction at atmosphere pressure[J]. Nanoscale 2(4), 559–563 (2010)
J. Davidovits 30 Years of Successes and Failures in Geopolymer Applications.Market Trends and Potential Breakthroughs[C]. Geopolymer Conference, 2002, 10(28–29): 1–16.
H. Porwal, P. Tatarko, S. Grasso et al., Graphene reinforced alumina nano-composites[J]. Carbon 64, 359–369 (2013)
S. Yan, P. He, D. Jia et al., Effects of graphene oxide on the geopolymerization mechanism determined by quenching the reaction at intermediate states[J]. RSC Adv. 7, 13498–13508 (2017)
M.L. Granizo, M.T. Blanco-Varela, A. Palomo, Influence of the starting kaolin on alkali-activated materials based on metakaolin. Study of the reaction parameters by isothermal conduction calorimetry[J]. J. Mater. Sci. 35, 6309–6315 (2000)
H.L. Wang, H.H. Li, F.Y. Yan, Synthesis and mechanical properties of metakaolinite-based geopolymer[J]. Colloids Surf. A 268, 1–6 (2005)
P. RovnanÃk, Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard structure of metakaolin-based geopolymers[J]. Constr. Build. Mater. 24, 1176–1183 (2010)
G.M. Nasab, F. Golestanifard, K.J.D. MacKenzie, The effect of the SiO2/Na2O ratio in the structural modification of Metakaolin-based geopolymers studied by XRD, FTIR and MAS-NMR[J]. J. Ceram. Sci. Technol. 5, 184–192 (2014)
F.G.M. Aredes, T.M.B. Campos, J.P.B. Machado et al., Effect of cure temperature on the formation of metakaolinite-based geopolymer[J]. Ceram. Int. 41(6), 7302–7311 (2015)
M.R. Wang, Geopolymerization Mechanism of Aluminosilicate Geopolymer and Microstructure and Properties of Fly Ash Cenosphere/Geopolymer Composite[D]Harbin Institute of Technology (Harbin, China, 2011) (in Chinese)
Y.M. Nie, Mineral polymer in the system of SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O(K2O)-H2O: preparation and reaction mechanism[D] (China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, China, 2006), pp. 41–48. (in Chinese)
G.J. Zheng, Preparation of Amorphous Al2O3-2SiO2 Powders and Study on Mechanism of Geopolymerization[D] Powders and Study on Mechanism of Geopolymerization[D] (Guangxi University, Guangxi, China, 2011) (in Chinese)
X. Huang, X. Qi, F. Boey et al., Graphene-based composites[J]. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(2), 666–686 (2012)
B. Chen, X. Liu, X. Zhao et al., Preparation and properties of reduced graphene oxide/fused silica composites[J]. Carbon 77, 66–75 (2014)
P. He, D. Jia, S. Wang, Microstructure and integrity of leucite ceramic derived from potassium-based geopolymer precursor[J]. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 33(4), 689–698 (2013)
L.S. Walker, V.R. Marotto, M.A. Rafiee et al., Toughening in graphene ceramic composites[J]. ACS Nano 5(4), 3182–3190 (2011)
T. He, Study on Synthesis Process of Graphene and Epoxy Resin Composite Material[D]Nanchang Hangkong University (Nanchang, China, 2012) (in Chinese)
M. Michálek, M. Kašiarová, M. Michálková et al., Mechanical and functional properties of Al2O3-ZrO2-MWCNTs nanocomposites[J]. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 34(14), 3329–3337 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jia, D., He, P., Wang, M., Yan, S. (2020). Graphene-Reinforced Geopolymer Matrix Composites. In: Geopolymer and Geopolymer Matrix Composites. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 311. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9536-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9536-3_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-9535-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-9536-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)