Abstract
The tourism industry is one of the largest and most influential industries in the world. The National Cooperative Policy 2011–2020 identifies tourism as one of the sectors that can offer high- income to cooperatives. The tourism industry provides an opportunity for the cooperative sector to be involved in community activities, particularly in rural areas, which can have immeasurable positive benefits for the local environment, societies and cultures. The societies could create downstream tourism activities as part of community-based tourism (CBT) and provide a stimulus for entrepreneurs among the communities. Despite the remarkable potential that the tourism industry can offer, only 12 (0.98%) out of 1,223 Sabahan cooperatives have actively become involved in tourism businesses (Malaysia Cooperative Societies Commission, 2015). Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the potential of the CBT industry as operated by cooperatives in Sabah. The current study employed a case study approach. The data obtained from the three sample cooperatives are analyzed by using a combination of within-case analysis and cross-case analysis. The findings showed that the CBT started with one specific activity and rapidly expanded to include many tourism downstream activities. The expansion of activities directly contributes to an increase in income to the cooperatives. The success of the CBT is reinforced by a variety of factors, such as the commitment of the cooperative board members and support of the local community. These findings are essential for promoting the tourism industry as one of the most critical potential businesses in cooperatives and as an input to relevant parties to support the growth of the tourism industry in Sabah.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdolvand, N., Albadvi, A., & Ferdowsi, Z. (2008). Assessing readiness for business process reengineering. Business Process Management Journal, 14(4), 497–511.
Abdul Aziz, H. (2007). Aspekundang-undangpelancongan di Malaysia. Bhd, Kuala Lumpur (in Malay): DawanaSdn.
Ahmad Faizal, A. S., & Yusri, T. (2012). Di mana sahaja, setiap hari, kepada semua Kisah Kejayaan Koperasi: Kajian Kes Dalam dan Luar Negara. Selangor (in Malay): Maktab Koperasi Malaysia.
Aini, Y. M., Hafizah, H. A. K., & Zuraini, Y. (2012). Factors affecting cooperatives’ performance in relation to strategic planning and members’ participation. Procedia–Social and Behavioral Sciences 65, 100–105.
Asker, S., Boronya, L., Carrard, N., & Paddon, M. (2010). Effective community-based tourism: A best practice manual. Gold Coast, Australia: Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre.
Bruynis, C. L., Goldsmith, P., Hahn, D. E., & Taylor, W. J. (2001). Critical success factors for emerging agricultural marketing cooperatives. Journal of Cooperation, 16, 14–21.
Carlberg, J. G., Ward, C. E., & Holcomb, R. B. (2006). Success factors for new generation cooperatives. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 9(1), 33–52.
Garnevska, E., Liu, G., & Shadbolt, N. M. (2011). Factors for successful development of farmer cooperatives in Northwest China. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 14(4), 1–16.
Goodwin, H., & Santilli, R. (2009). Community-based tourism: a success? Retrieved May 17, 2012, from https://www.haroldgoodwin.info/uploads/CBTaSuccess Pubpdf.pdf.
Habib, M. N. (2013). Understanding critical success and failure of business process reengineering. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2(1), 1–10.
Herzog, N. V., Polajnar, A., & Tonchia, S. (2007). Development and validation of business process reengineering (BPR) variables: A survey research in Slovenian companies. International Journal of Production Research, 45(24), 5811–5834.
International Co-operative Association- ICA (1995), Co-operative Identity, Values and Principles. Retrieved February 20, 2010, from https://www.ica.coop/en/cooperatives/cooperative-identity.
Kayat, K. (2013). Community-based home stay programmes in Langkawi: Are they successful? In Proceedings of the 3rd Regional Conference on Tourism Research (pp. 29–31). Malaysia: Langkawi.
KKLW (2016). KKLW: Program desa lestari. Retrieved July 26, 2018, from https://www.rurallink.gov.my/desa-lestari-2/.
Lussier, R. N. (1995). A nonfinancial business success versus failure prediction model for young firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(1), 8–20.
Maina, T. C. (2006). Key success factors in the banking industry: A case study of major commercial banks in Kenya. University of Nairobi: Unpublished M.B.A Project.
Malaysia Cooperative Societies Commission. (2015). Statistic of Sabahan Cooperative in Tourism Sector (unpublished).
Malaysia. (2010). Economic transformation programme: A roadmap for Malaysia. Performance Management and Delivery Unit (PEMANDU), Prime Minister’s Department, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Mbugua, L. (2005). Key success factors in the petroleum industry. Dissertation. University of Nairobi.
Mohamad Haswardi, M., & Frank Me-ol, A. (2012). Premier security cooperative Singapore: Kisahkejayaankoperasi: Kajian Kes Dalam dan Luar Negara. Edisi, 3, 43–51. ((in Malay)).
Mohd Nazlie, Z. (2016). Koperasi disaran teroka bidang pelancongan, aktiviti hilirannya.BH Online. https://www.bharian.com.my/node/118180 (in Malay).
Mohd Nor Hidayat, H. (2011). Faktorbantuankerajaan yang meningkatkankejayaanusahawan industry kecildansederhanabumiputera di SabakBernam, Selangor. Thesis. University Teknologi Malaysia (in Malay).
Merilyn, R. B., Sidah, I., Rostika, P. B., & Rozaidy, M. (2017). Local homestay operator dilemma: Business intention or family intention. International Journal of Business Management, 1(2), 112–116.
Najmah, N., Shamsiah, S., Mohammad, P. A., Norawati, N., & Ridzuan, S. (2015). Penyelidikan Penglibatan Koperasi dalam Industri Pelancongan Di Sabah (April-September 2015) Laporan Geran Penyelidikan Maktab Koperasi Malaysia (A report of research grant Malaysia Cooperative College) (in Malay).
Nieuwenhuizen, C., & Kroon, J. (2002). Identification of entrepreneurial success factors to determine the content of entrepreneurship subjects. South African Journal of Higher Education 16(3), 157–166.
Noorasiah, S., & Mohd Nasir, M. S. (2007). Modal sosial dalam mempertingkatkan daya saing firma perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS). International Journal of Management Studies, 14(2), 93–111. ((in Malay)).
Noranita, M. N. (2012). Pune: Kejayaan aktiviti peruncitan koperasi di India. Kisah Kejayaan Koperasi: Kajian Kes Dalam dan Luar Negara, Edisi 3: pp. 101–113. Maktab Koperasi Malaysia, Selangor (in Malay).
Norhayati, A. R., Juliana, M. Y. (2013). Di sebalik namamu: Koperasi Trading Service of 3rd district. Kisah Kejayaan Koperasi: Kajian Kes Dalam dan Luar Negara, pp. 76–87. Maktab Koperasi Malaysia, Selangor (in Malay).
Norlida Hanim, M. S., Poo, B. T., Nor Ain, M., & Redzuan, O. (2015). Analisis keperluan tenagamanusia dalam industry pelancongan di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 9(1), 161–174. ((in Malay)).
Pakshir, L., & Nair, V. (2011). Sustainability of homestay as a form of community-based tourism (CBT): A case study of the rural community in Bavanat-Iran. TEAM Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(1), 5–18.
Prout. (2017). What makes cooperatives successful? Retrieved May 17, 2018, from https://proutglobe.org/2012/10/what-makes-cooperatives-successful/.
Rafee, Y. M., Jussem, S. W., Arshad, A. H. A., Halim, H., Siri, H., & Hassan, M. Z. A. (2012). Community based tourism-the attractions of ‘Embhan’ community in KampungSemban, Sarawak. BIMP-EAGA Journal of Sustainable Tourism Development, 1(1), 11–20.
Rajaratnam, S. D., Noordin, N., Said, M. S., Juhan, R., & Hanif, F. M. (2010). Success factors of cooperatives in Malaysia: An exploratory investigation. Malaysian Journal of Cooperative Studies, 6, 1–24.
Ramlan, K., & Dino Faizal, A. (2012). Gabungan koperasi di China. Kisah Kejayaan Koperasi: Kajian Kes Dalam dan Luar Negara, pp. 53–74. Selangor: Maktab Koperasi Malaysia, Selangor (in Malay).
Rosazman, H., & Velan, K. (2014). Pelancongan mapan berasaskan komuniti (CBT) melalui program homestay di Sabah, Malaysia. GEOGRAFIA: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 10(3): 160–174 (in Malay).
Sabah Tourism Board. (2017). Demographic profiles of international visitors (1st quarter 2016). Retrieved May 16, 2018, from https://www.sabahtourism.com/business/statistic.
Scott, M., & Bruce, R. (1987). Five stages of growth in small business. Long Range Planning., 20(3), 45–52.
Set, K. (2014). Determining the key success factors of tourism small and medium-sized enterprise (TSMEs) in Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from University of Newcastle research online.
Set, K., Yaakop, A., Hussin, N. Z. I., Yusof, B. M., & Abdul Ghani, J. (2015). Understanding motivation factors of tourism entrepreneurs in TasikKenyir. International Academic Research Journal of Social Science, 1(2), 248–254.
Sharpley, R., & Telfer, D. J. (2008). Tourism and development. London: Routledge.
Shemshad, M., & Mohammadi, I. M. (2012). Analysis of factors affecting the ecotourism development (In Pasture and Forest Cooperatives in Golestan Province, Iran). International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 2(4), 19–24.
Syahirah. (2016). Desa lestari: Satu lagi usaha dalam perjuangan transformasi luar bandar. Retrieved from https://www.kklwhariini.com/single-post/2016/08/16/DESA-LESTARI-Satu-Lagi-Usaha-Dalam-Perjuangan-TRANSFORMASI-Luar-Bandar (in Malay).
USDA. (2011). Understanding cooperatives: the structure of cooperatives. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from https://www.rd.usda.gov/files/CIR45_3.pdf.
Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language. (1961). Unabridged Hardcover. Gove, Philip Babcock (ed). Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Company.
Zwilling, M. (2012). 8 ways leaders can motivate employees beyond money. Retrieved June 7, 2015, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2012/01/10/8-ways-leaders-can-motivate-employees-beyond-money/#77d0877426f4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nawawi, N.B., Syamsudin, S.B., Andin, C. (2020). Community-Based Tourism Through Cooperatives in Sabah, Malaysia. In: Rajasekhar, D., Manjula, R., Paranjothi, T. (eds) Cooperatives and Social Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8880-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8880-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-8879-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-8880-8
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)