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Structure and Health Effects of Natural Products on Diabetes Mellitus pp 81–102Cite as

Glycosides from Natural Sources in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the principal causes of death in developed and developing countries. Many synthetic drugs are being used for the treatment of diabetes. But these drugs have many adverse effects. Hence there is an immediate requirement of new therapies that can be useful for better management of diabetes. From ancient times, herbal drugs are well accepted for their therapeutic values in different disease conditions. Natural products obtained from medicinal plants can be one of the best options for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes. Plants synthesize various secondary metabolites like terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and glycosides. Glycosides consist of sugar (glycone) moiety joined to a non-sugar moiety (aglycone) via a glycosidic bond. Many plants synthesize glycosides, which can be hydrolyzed to give glycone and aglycone part by enzyme hydrolysis. Various glycosides as well as aglycones are reported to have many biological activities. Glycosides like rutin, puerarin, gymnemic acid I, and stevioside have been reported for significant antidiabetic activity. Aglycones like securigenin, strictinin, and christinin-A have been reported for their antidiabetic activity. The mechanism of their antidiabetic activity involves stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzymes involved in glycemic control. The present book chapter focuses on the effect of various plant derived glycosides and aglycones in diabetes.

Keywords

  • Antidiabetic activity
  • Glycosylamine
  • O-glycoside
  • C-glycoside
  • Thioglycoside
  • Rutin
  • Puerarin
  • Gymnemic acid I
  • Securigenin

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  1. Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Mumbai, India

    Kaveri M. Adki & Yogesh A. Kulkarni

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  1. School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Tianjin, China

    Prof. Haixia Chen

  2. State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China

    Prof. Min Zhang

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Adki, K.M., Kulkarni, Y.A. (2021). Glycosides from Natural Sources in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. In: Chen, H., Zhang, M. (eds) Structure and Health Effects of Natural Products on Diabetes Mellitus. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8791-7_5

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