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Paper-Based Biosensors with Lateral/Vertical Flow Assay

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Paper-Based Medical Diagnostic Devices

Part of the book series: Bioanalysis ((BIOANALYSIS,volume 10))

Abstract

The lateral flow assay (LFA), which is a simple paper-based device for the detection and analysis of disease, is now the most predominant diagnostic platform in point-of-care (POC) markets [1,2,3,4]. This market-dominating power stems from the unique characteristics of the LFA: low cost, portability, versatility, easy use, free of other instruments, and results within 10–20 min [5,6,7]. In addition, the LFA is compatible with various biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, sweat, and saliva and can be used for the detection of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nucleic acids, proteins, toxins, and heavy metals [2, 7, 8]. Therefore, the LFA is an ideal POC platform. The concept of the LFA technique was first introduced by Plotz and Singer in 1956, using the latex agglutination test to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis [1]. The most common form of the LFA at present is a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric LFA, first presented by Leuvering et al. in 1980, called the “sol particle immunoassay” (SPIA) [1, 2, 4]. The first LFA product to be commercialized was ClearbluTM launched by Unipath Ltd. in 1988; it was developed for individuals to diagnose pregnancy at home. Because the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormones rapidly increase in the urine of a pregnant woman, this LFA can detect such an increase, which appears as two blue lines [1, 4].

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    Dohwan Lee & Jeong Hoon Lee

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Lee, D., Lee, J.H. (2021). Paper-Based Biosensors with Lateral/Vertical Flow Assay. In: Lee, J.H. (eds) Paper-Based Medical Diagnostic Devices. Bioanalysis, vol 10. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8723-8_6

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