Skip to main content

Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the principle and application of time-of-flight (TOF) NIR spectroscopy, which can evaluate the contribution of scattering and absorption of light in samples simultaneously. In order to construct robust calibrations for organic materials by NIR spectroscopy, it is important to evaluate and understand the spectral contribution from light absorption (absorption resulting from harmonics or overtones of the fundamental absorptions of molecular vibrations) and light scattering (mainly due to the cellular structure). In this chapter, we introduce the principle of TOF-NIR spectroscopy and some applications to agricultural, medical area, and forest products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.S. Patterson, B. Chance, B.C. Wilson, Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the noninvasive measurement of tissue optical properties. Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2331–2336 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. L. Leonardi, D.H. Burns, Quantitative measurements in scattering media: photon time-of-flight analysis with analytical descriptors. Appl. Spectro. 53(6), 628–636 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. O.H.A. Nielsen, A.A. Subash, F.D. Nielsen, A.B. Dahl, J.L. Skytte, S. Andersson-Engels, D. Khoptyar, Spectral characterisation of dairy products using photon time-of-flight spectroscopy. J. Near Infrared Spec. 21(5), 375–383 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Torricelli, D. Contini, A.D. Mora, E. Martinenghi, D. Tamborini, F. Villa, A. Tosi, L. Spinelli, Recent advances in time-resolved NIR spectroscopy for nondestructive assessment of fruit quality. Chem. Eng. Trans. 44, 43–48 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Lu, R.V. Beers, W. Saeys, C. Li, H. Cen, Measurement of optical properties of fruits and vegetables: a review. Postharvest Biol. Tec. 159, 111003 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Fujii, Y. Yamada, K. Kobayashi, M. Watanabe, Y. Hoshi, Modeling of light propagation in the human neck for diagnoses of thyroid cancers by diffuse optical tomography. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Bio. 33(5), 1–12 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Hoshi, Hemodynamic signals in fNIRS. Prog. Brain Res. 225, 153–179 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Martelli, S.D. Bianco, A. Ismaelli, D. Zaccanti, Light propagation through biological tissue and other diffusive media.Theory, solutions, softw. (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  9. S.L. Jacques, Optical properties of biological tissues: a review. Phys. Med. Biol. 58(11), R37–R61 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. C. D’Andrea, A. Farina, D. Comelli, A. Pifferi, P. Taroni, G. Valentini, R. Cubeddu, L. Zoia, M. Orlandi, A. Kienle, Time-resolved optical spectroscopy of wood. Appl. Spectro. 62(5), 569–574 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. C. D’Andrea, A. Nevin, A. Farina, A. Bassi, R. Cubeddu, Assessment of variations in moisture content of wood using time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy. Appl. Opt. 48(4), 87–93 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Kienle, C. D’Andrea, F. Foschum, P. Taroni, A. Pifferi, Light propagation in dry and wet softwood. Opt. Express 16(13), 9895–9906 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R. Kitamura, T. Inagaki, S. Tsuchikawa, Determination of true optical absorption and scattering coefficient of wooden cell wall substance by time-of-flight near infrared spectroscopy. Opt. Express 24(4), 3999–4009 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Hans, R. Kitamura, T. Inagaki, B. Leblon, S. Tsuchikawa, Assessment of variations in air-dry wood density using time-of-flight near-infrared spectroscopy. Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. 10(1), 57–68 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Konagaya, T. Inagaki, R. Kitamura, S. Tsuchikawa, Optical properties of drying wood studied by time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. Opt. Express 24(9), 9561–9573 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Ban, T. Inagaki, T. Ma, S. Tsuchikawa, Effect of cellular structure on the optical properties of wood. J. Near Infrared Spec. 26(1), 53–60 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. T.J. Farrell, M.S. Patterson, B. Wilson, A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved, steady-state diffuse reflectance for the noninvasive determination of tissue optical properties in vivo. Med. Phys. 19(4), 879–888 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Shimomura, S. Miki, T. Tajiri, H. Tanaka, Noninvasive measurement of absolute hemodynamic components in human tissue using three-fiber-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. in 2009 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (2009), pp. 274–275

    Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Shimomura, T. Okada, Development of nondestructive measurement technique for fruits sugar content with near-infrared laser diodes operating at three different wavelengths. Rev. Laser Eng. 33(9), 620–625 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Y. Shimomura, T. Takami, Y. Ichimaru, K. Matsuo, R. Hyodo, New measurement technique that uses three near infrared diode lasers for nondestructive evaluation of sugar content in fruits. Proc. SPIE 5739, Light-Emitting Diodes: Res. Manuf. Appl. IX 5739, 145 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  21. T. Inagaki, D. Nozawa, Y. Shimomura, S. Tsuchikawa, Three-fibre-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for estimation of total solid content in natural rubber latex. J. Near Infrared Spec. 24(4), 327–335 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tetsuya Inagaki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Inagaki, T., Tsuchikawa, S. (2021). Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy. In: Ozaki, Y., Huck, C., Tsuchikawa, S., Engelsen, S.B. (eds) Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8648-4_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics