Skip to main content

Characteristics of the Spring–Summer Atmospheric Circulation Transition Over the South China Sea and Its Surrounding Regions and Their Responses to Global Warming

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Climate Change in Southeast Asia and Surrounding Areas

Part of the book series: Springer Climate ((SPCL))

Abstract

The South China Sea (SCS) connects the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is also a key region where the East Asian monsoon system and the Indian monsoon system interact with each other, and it is a direct source of moisture for the subtropical monsoon system of East Asia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Chen LX, Liu HQ, Wang W et al (1999) Preliminary study on the characteristics and mechanism of summer monsoon onset over South China Sea and region adjacent to it. Acta Meteor Sinica (in Chinese) 57(1):16–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen LX, Zhu QG, Luo HB et al (1991) East Asian Monsoon (in Chinese). Beijing China Meteorological Press, Beijing, p 362

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding YH, Li CY (1999) Onset and evolution of the South China Sea monsoon and its interaction with the ocean (in Chinese). Beijing China Meteorological Press, Beijing, p p423

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding YH, Liang P (2010) Extended range forecast basing on MJO. Meteorological Monthly (in Chinese) 36(7):111–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong G, Zhang H, Moise A, Hanson L, Liang P, Ye H (2016) CMIP5 model-simulated onset, duration and intensity of the Asian summer monsoon in current and future climate. Clim Dyn 46(1–2):355–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2588-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu R, Del Genio AD, Rossow WB (1994) Influence of ocean surface conditions on atmospheric vertical thermodynamic structure and deep convection. J Climate 7(7):1092–1108. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007%3c1092:IOOSCO%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill AE (1980) Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 106(449):447–662. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710644905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gu DJ, Ji ZP, Li CH (2011) Multi-scale correlation of onset date of South China Sea summer monsoon with sea surface temperature and optimal subset regression prediction. Acta Oceanologyca Sinica (in Chinese) 33(6):55–63

    Google Scholar 

  • He C, Zhou T (2015) Responses of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High to Global Warming under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Scenarios Projected by 33 CMIP5 Models: The Dominance of Tropical Indian Ocean–Tropical Western Pacific SST Gradient. J Climate 28(1):365–380. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00494.1

  • He C, Zhou T, Lin A, Wu B, Gu D, Li C, Zheng B (2015) Enhanced or Weakened Western North Pacific Subtropical High under Global Warming? Scientific Reports 5:16771. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He C, Wu B, Zou L, Zhou T (2017) Responses of the Summertime Subtropical Anticyclones to Global Warming. J Climate 30(16):6465–6479. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0529.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He C, Lin A, Gu D, Li C, Zheng B, Wu B, Zhou T (2018) Using eddy geopotential height to measure the western North Pacific subtropical high in a warming climate. Theor Appl Climatol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-2001-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He JH, Wen M, Wang L et al (2006) Characteristics of the onset of the Asian summer monsoon and the importance of Asian–Australian “Land Bridge”. Adv Atmos Sci 23:951–963

    Google Scholar 

  • He JH, Zhu QG Murakami M (1996) TBB data-revealed features of Asian-Australian monsoon seasonal transition and Asian summer monsoon establishment. J Tropical Meteorol 12(1):34–42. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendon HH, Liebmann B (1990) A composite study of the onset of the Australian summer monsoon. J Atmos Sci 47:2227–2240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins RW, Shi W (2001) Intercomparison of the principal modes of interannual and intraseasonal variability of the North American monsoon system. J Climate 14:403–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang RH (1992) The East Asia/Pacific pattern teleconnection of summer circulation and climate anomaly in East Asia. Acta Meteor Sinica 6(1):25–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang RH, Gu L, Xu YH et al (2005) Characteristics of the interannual variations of onset and advance of the East Asian summer monsoon and their associations with thermal states of the tropical western Pacific. Chinese J Atmos Sci (in Chinese) 29:20–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang RH, Gu L, Chen JL et al (2008) Recent progresses in studies of the temporal-spatial variations of the East Asian monsoon system and their impacts on climate anomalies in China. Chinese J Atmospheric Sci (in Chinese) 32(4):691–719

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Wang H, Fan K, Gao Y (2015) The western Pacific subtropical high after the 1970s: westward or eastward shift? Clim Dynam 44(7–8):2035–2047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2194-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung CW, Lin HJ, Hsu HH (2014) Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Winter Rainfall in Taiwan. J Climate 27:4521–4530. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong JH, Kim BM, Ho CH et al (2008) Systematic variation in wintertime precipitation in East Asia by MJO-induced extratropical vertical motion. J Climate 21:788–801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jia X, Chen L, Ren F et al (2011) Impacts of the MJO on winter rainfall and circulation in China. Adv Atmospheric Sci 28(3):521–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jian M, Luo H (2001) Heat sources over Qinghai-xizang Plateau and surrounding areas and their relationships to onset of SCS summer monsoon. (in Chinese). Plateau Meteorol 20:381–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones C, Waliser DE, Lau KM et al (2004) Global occurrences of extreme precipitation events and the Madden–Julian oscillation: Observations and predictability. J Climate 17:4575–4589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kajikawa Y, Wang B (2012) Interdecadal change of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset. J Climate 25(9):3207–3218. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00207.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woollen J, Zhu Y, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo KC, Ropelewski C, Wang J, Leetmaa A, Reynolds R, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. B Am Meteorol Soc 77(3):437–471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077%3c0437:tnyrp%3e2.0.co;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanamitsu M, Ebisuzaki W, Woollen J et al (2002) NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bull Amer Meteor Soc 83:1631–1643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knutson TR, Manabe S (1995) Time-Mean response over the tropical pacific to increased CO2 in a coupled ocean-atmosphere Model. J Climate 8(9):2181–2199

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau KM, Yang S (1997) Climatology and Interannual Variability of the Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon. Adv Atmos Sci 14(2):141–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-997-0016-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li CY, Zhang LP (1999) SCS summer monsoon activity and its impacts. Chinese J Atmospheric Sci (Chinese) 23(3):257–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Li CY, Pan J, Song J (2013a) Progress on the MJO research in recent years. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (Chin) 37(2):229–252. https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.12318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li KP, Yu WD, Li T (2013b) Structures and mechanisms of the first-branch northward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation over the tropical Indian Ocean. Clim Dyn 40:1707–1720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang JY, Wu SS (2002) A study of southwest monsoon onset date over the South China Sea and its impact factors. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (Chin) 26(6):829–844

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang ZN, Wen ZP, Wu LJ (2006) The relationship between the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly and the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. I. Coupling analysis. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (Chin) 30(4):619–634

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebmann B, Smith CA (1996) Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 77:1275–1277

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin AL, Gu DJ, Zheng B et al (2013a) Relationship between South China Sea summer monsoon onset and Southern Ocean sea surface temperature variation. Chin J Geophys (Chin) 56(2):383–391. https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg20130203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin AL, Li CH, Zheng B et al (2013b) Modulation effect of MJO on the precipitation over Guangdong and its relation with the low latitude circulation system in June. J Appl Meteorol Sci (Chinese) 24(3):397–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin AL, Li CH, Gu DJ et al (2015) Impact of tropical intraseasonal oscillations on the precipitation of Guangdong in Junes. J Tropical Meteorol 21(4):326–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin AL (1998) The characteristics of low-frequency oscillation over South China Sea. J Tropical Meteorol (Chin) 14(2):113–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu YM, Wu GX, Liu H et al (1999) The effect of spatially non-uniform heating on the formation and variation of subtropical high part III: Condensati0n heating and South Asia high and western Pacific subtropical high. Acta Meteor Sinica (Chin) 57(5):525–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu YM, Chan JCL, Mao JY et al (2002) The role of bay of Bengal convection in the onset of the 1998 South China Sea summer monsoon. Mon Wea Rev 130:2731–2744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu BQ, He JH, Wang L (2009) Characteristics of the South Asia high establishment processes above the Indo-China Peninsula from April to May and their possible mechanism [J]. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (in Chinese) 33(6):1319–1332

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu BQ, He JH, Wang L (2012) On a possible mechanism for southern Asian convection influencing the South Asian High establishment during winter to summer transition. J Trop Meteor 18:473–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu BQ, Wu GX, Mao JY, He JH (2013) Genesis of the South Asian High and its impact on the Asian Summer Monsoon Onset. J Clim 26(9):2976–2991. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00286.1

  • Liu BQ, Liu YM, Wu GX, Yan JH, He JH, Ren SL (2014a) Asian summer monsoon onset barrier and its formation mechanism. Clim Dyn 45(3–4):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2296-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Li W, Zuo J, Hu Z-Z (2014b) Simulation and projection of the western pacific subtropical high in CMIP5 models. J Meteorol Res 28(3):327–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-014-3151-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz DJ, Dennis LH (2006) The Effect of the MJO on the North American Monsoon. J Climate 19:333–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lü JM, Ju JH, Ren JZ et al (2012) The influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation activity anomalies on Yunnan’s extreme drought of 2009–2010. Sci China Earth Sci (in Chinese) 55:98–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4348-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Xie SP, Kosaka Y (2012) Mechanisms for tropical tropospheric circulation change in response to global warming. J Climate 25(8):2979–2994

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao JY, Xie A, Song YY (2000) Impact of sea surface temperature and its variations on the onset of summer monsoon over South China Sea. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (Chin) 58(5):556–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao JY, Wu GX (2007) Interannual variability in the onset of the summer monsoon over the Eastern Bay of Bengal. Theor Appl Climatol 89(3–4):155–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0265-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mo KC, Higgins RW (1998) Tropical convection and precipitation regimes in the western United States. J Climate 11:2404–2423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mu MQ, Li CY (2000) On the outbreak of South China Sea summer monsoon in 1998 and activity of atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation. Climatic Environ Res (Chin) 5(4):375–387. https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2000.04.05

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami T, Nakazawa T (1985) Transition from Southern Hemisphere to Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon. Mon Weather Rev 113(9):1470–1486. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1985)113%3c1470:TFTSTN%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nitta T (1987) Convective activities in the tropical western Pacific and their impact on the northern hemisphere summer circulation. J Meteor Soc Japan 65(3):373–390. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.65.3_373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North GR, Thomas LB, Cahalan RF (1982) Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions. Mon Weather Rev 110(7):699–706. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110%3c0699:SEITEO%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Power SB, Delage F, Colman R et al (2012) Consensus on twenty-first-century rainfall projections in climate models more widespread than previously thought. J Climate 25(11):3792–3809

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiter ER, Gao D (1982) Heating of the Tibet Plateau and movements of the South Asian High during Spring. Mon Wea Rev 110:1694–1711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw TA, Voigt A (2015) Tug of war on summertime circulation between radiative forcing and sea surface warming. Nature Geosci 8(7):560–566. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith TM, Reynolds RW (2004) Improved Extended Reconstruction of SST (1854–1997). J Clim 17:2466–2477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor KE, Stouffer RJ, Meehl GA (2012) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93:485–498. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uppala S (2002) ECMWF reanalysis, 1957–2001, ERA-40[J]. ERA-40 Project Report Series 3: 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Vuuren D, Edmonds J, Kainuma M, Riahi K, Thomson A, Hibbard K, Hurtt G, Kram T, Krey V, Lamarque J-F, Masui T, Meinshausen M, Nakicenovic N, Smith S, Rose S (2011) The representative concentration pathways: an overview. Clim Change 109(1–2):5–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Wu R, Fu X (2000) Pacific-East Asia teleconnection: How does ENSO affect East Asian climate? J Climate 13(9):1517–1536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Lin H (2002) Rainy season of the Asian-Pacific summer monsoon. J Climate 15(4):386–398. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015%3c0386:RSOTAP%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Ding Q, Joseph P (2009) Objective definition of the Indian summer monsoon onset. J Climate 22(12):3303–3316. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2675.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster PJ, Yang S (1992) Monsoon and Enso: Selectively Interactive Systems. Q J R Meteorol Soc 118(507):877–926. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711850705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen ZP, Huang RH, He HY et al (2006) The influences of anomalous atmospheric circulation over mid-high latitudes and the activities of 30-60 d low frequency convection over low latitudes on the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (Chin) 30(5):952–964. https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.05.23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler M, Hendon HH (2004) An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction. Mon Wea Rev 132(8):1917–1932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu R, Wang B (2001) Multi-stage onset of the summer monsoon over the western North Pacific. Clim Dyn 17:277–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820000118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu B, Zhou TJ, Li T (2009) Seasonally evolving dominant interannual variability modes of East Asian climate. J Climate 22(11):2992–3005. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2710.1

  • Wu CH, Chou MD (2012) Upper-Tropospheric Forcing on Late July Monsoon Transition in East Asia and the Western North Pacific. J Climate 25(11):3929–3941. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00343.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu GX, Guan Y, Liu YM, Yan JH, Mao JY (2012) Air-sea interaction and formation of the Asian summer monsoon onset vortex over the Bay of Bengal. Clim Dyn 38(1–2):261–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0978-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu GX, Duan AM, Liu YM, Yan JH et al (2013) Recent advances in the study on the dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon onset. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (Chin) 37(2):211–228. https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.12312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L, Wang C (2015) Has the Western Pacific Subtropical High Extended Westward since the Late 1970s? J Climate 28(13):5406–5413. https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00618.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie SP, Deser C, Vecchi GA, Ma J, Teng HY, Wittenberg AT (2010) Global Warming Pattern Formation: Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall. J Climate 23(4):966–986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie SP, Hu KM, Hafner J, Tokinaga H, Du Y, Huang G, Sampe T (2009) Indian Ocean Capacitor Effect on Indo-Western Pacific Climate during the Summer following El Nino. J Climate 22(3):730–747. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2544.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie A, Sun LQ (1991) Seasonal transition features in the tropical region. Acta Oceanol Sin 13(6):786–796 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Sun SQ (2003) Longitudinal displacement of the subtropical high in the western Pacific in summer and its influence. Adv Atmos Sci 20(6):921–933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasunari T (1991) The monsoon year-A new concept of the climate year in the Tropics. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 72(9):1331–1338. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1991)072%3c1331:TMYNCO%3e2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh TC, Dao SY, Li MT (1958) The abrupt change of circulation over northern hemisphere during June and October. Acta Meteor Sinica 29(4):249–263 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang LN, Lin PF, Xiong Z et al (2011) Impact of the Madden-Julian oscillation on pre-flood season precipitation in South China. Chin J Atmospheric Sci (Chin) 35(3):560–570. https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.03.15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Li T (2017) Relative roles of differential SST warming, uniform SST warming and land surface warming in determining the Walker circulation changes under global warming. Clim Dynam 48(3):987–997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3123-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao ZG (1999) Droughts and floods over China in summer and their environmental factors. Chinese Meteorological Press, Beijing (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao YP, Chen YL, Bai XZ et al (2000) The relations between the SST anomalies in South China Sea-Tropical Eastern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea monsoon. J Tropical Meteorol (Chin) 16(2):115–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou W, Wen ZP, Chen CM (2002) Forecast of the South China Sea southwest monsoon onset. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni (in Chinese) 41(3):95–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou TJ, Yu RC, Zhang J, Drange H, Cassou C, Deser C, Hodson DLR, Sanchez-Gomez E, Li J, Keenlyside N, Xin XG, Okumura Y (2009) Why the Western Pacific Subtropical High Has Extended Westward since the Late 1970s. J Climate 22(8):2199–2215. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2527.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu QG, He J, Wang P (1986) A study of circulation differences between East Asian and Indian summer monsoon with their interaction. Adv Atmos Sci 3:466–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Song Yang .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Science Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Yang, S. et al. (2021). Characteristics of the Spring–Summer Atmospheric Circulation Transition Over the South China Sea and Its Surrounding Regions and Their Responses to Global Warming. In: Climate Change in Southeast Asia and Surrounding Areas. Springer Climate. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8225-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics