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Medicinal Plants: A Rich Source of Bioactive Molecules Used in Drug Development

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Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines

Abstract

Medicinal plants are a rich repository of various biologically active molecules that have various pharmacological effects in mammals. The majority of the world’s population (around 60–80%) still rely on the traditional medicinal method to treat common illnesses. In addition, finding a plant-derived antioxidant, which scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), has become a central focus of drug development research. The increment in oxidative stress and impaired cellular redox homeostasis due to elevated ROS lead to age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although drugs of plant extraction origin are available to prevent these age-related disorders, living cells have various defense mechanisms to prevent the harmful effects of ROS generation. Antioxidant enzymes neutralize free radicals and help the cell to overcome stress. Phytomolecules having antioxidative properties can help in stress modulation by scavenging ROS. This book chapter summarizes how bioactive molecules can be utilized as a tool for screening plant extract/bioactive molecules of natural origin and advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms of drug action and diseases.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

C. elegans :

Caenorhabditis elegans

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

MAPs:

Medicinal and aromatic plants

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Laxmi Rathor

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  1. Laxmi Rathor
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Correspondence to Laxmi Rathor .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Subhash C. Mandal

  2. NEF College of Pharmacy, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Raja Chakraborty

  3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Saikat Sen

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Rathor, L. (2021). Medicinal Plants: A Rich Source of Bioactive Molecules Used in Drug Development. In: Mandal, S.C., Chakraborty, R., Sen, S. (eds) Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8127-4_10

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