Rethinking Cultural Criticism pp 235-259 | Cite as
Where to Look Next for a Shot of Culture? Repertoires of Cultural Information Production and Consumption on the Internet
- 46 Downloads
Abstract
Cultural journalism contributes to the symbolic production culture, but an understudied element is how audiences partake in using and valuing cultural information in the media. This chapter examines how audiences use the internet to find information on new cultural products as well as contribute to the production of information. Our study is relatively explorative: We set out to find the underlying dimensions in producing and consuming online cultural information, in other words: the repertoires of user-generated content (UGC). At the same time, we also aim to contribute to the explanation of creating and consuming cultural UGC. We use data of an online survey in the Netherlands to answer our questions. We find five distinguished clusters, ranging in size from 46 pct. to 4 pct. of the population: occasional review readers, basic information users, moderate omnivores, ardent producers, and heavy omnivores. Differences between these groups can partly be explained via demographics background: age and educational level, but not sex. Cultural capital is also a strong predictor for cluster membership. Finally, we find an influence of internet affordances: repertoires are shaped by the perceived convenience of the internet as well as the importance of diversity of opinions.
Keywords
Cultural journalism Cultural information Latent class analysis Media audiences Media repertoires User-generated contentReferences
- Baumann, S. (2007). Hollywood Highbrow. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
- Boster, F. J., Kotowski, M. R., Andrews, K. R., & Serota, K. (2011). Identifying Influence: Development and Validation of the Connectivity, Persuasiveness, and Maven Scales. Journal of Communication, 61, 178–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bourdieu, P. (1980). The Production of Belief: Contribution to an Economy of Symbolic Goods. Media, Culture and Society, 2(3), 261–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction. London: Routledge & Kegan and Paul.Google Scholar
- Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
- Chakravarty, A., Liu, Y., & Mazumdar, T. (2010). The Differential Effects of Online Word-of-Mouth and Critics’ Reviews on Pre-Release Movie Evaluation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 24, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chan, T. W. (Ed.). (2010). Social Status and Cultural Consumption. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Choi, W., & Lee, Y. (2019). Effects of Fashion Vlogger Attributes on Product Attitude and Content Sharing. Fashion and Textiles: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 6(1, 12), 1–18.Google Scholar
- DiMaggio, P. (1987). Classification in Art. American Sociological Review, 52, 440–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Eide, M., & Knight, G. (1999). Public/Private: Service Journalism and the Problems of Everyday Life. European Journal of Communication, 14(4), 525–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- European Commission. (2013). Cultural Access and Participation. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion.
- European Commission. (2016). Media Use in the European Union. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion.
- Forde, E. (2003). Journalists with a Difference: Producing Music Journalism. In S. Cottle (Ed.), Media Organisations and Production (pp. 113–130). London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hargittai, E., & Hsieh, Y. P. (2013). Digital Inequality. In W. H. Dutton (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0007.
- Hargittai, E., Piper, A. M., & Morris, M. R. (2018). From Internet Access to Internet Skills: Digital Inequality Among Older Adults. Universal Access in the Information Society, 10, 1–10.Google Scholar
- Hargittai, E., & Walejko, G. (2008). The Participation Divide: Content Creation and Sharing in the Digital Age. Information, Communication & Society, 11(2), 239–256.Google Scholar
- Hasebrink, U., & Popp, J. (2006). Media Repertoires as a Result of Selective Media Use: A Conceptual Approach to the Analysis of Patterns of Exposure. Communications, 31, 369–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Heilbrun, J. (1997). The Competition Between High Culture and Popular Culture as Seen in the New York Times. Journal of Cultural Economics, 21, 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007304802683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hennig-Thurau, T., & Walsh, G. (2004). Electronic Word-of-Mouth: Motives for and Consequences of Reading Customer Articulations on the Internet. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 8, 51–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hovden, J. F., & Kristensen, N. N. (2018). The Cultural Journalist Around the Globe: A Comparative Study of Characteristics, Role Perceptions, and Perceived Influences. Journalism. First Published August 16, 2018 (online first). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918791224.
- Jaakkola, M. (2015). Outsourcing Views, Developing News: Changes in Art Criticism in Finnish Dailies, 1978–2008. Journalism Studies, 16(3), 383–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jaakkola, M. (2018). Vernacular Reviews as a Form of Co-Consumption: The User-Generated Review Videos on YouTube. MedieKultur—Journal of Media and Communication Research. Special Issue “Cultural Critique: Re-Negotiating Cultural Authority in Contemporary Media Culture”, 34(65), 10–30.Google Scholar
- Janssen, S. (1999). Art Journalism and Cultural Change: The Coverage of the Arts in Dutch Newspapers 1965–1990. Poetics, 26(5), 329–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Janssen, S., & Verboord, M. (2015). Cultural Mediators and Gatekeepers. In J. D. Wright (editor-in-chief), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 5, pp. 440–446). Oxford: Elsevier. ISBN: 9780080970868.Google Scholar
- Janssen, S., Verboord, M., & Kuipers, G. (2011). Comparing Cultural Classification. Special issue 51 of Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (KZfSS), 63, 139–168.Google Scholar
- Kammer, A. (2015). Post-Industrial Cultural Criticism: The Everyday Amateur Expert and the Online Cultural Public Sphere. Journalism Practice, 9(6), 872–889.Google Scholar
- Kim, S. H., Park, N., & Park, S. H. (2013). Exploring the Effects of Online Word of Mouth and Expert Reviews on Theatrical Movies’ Box Office Success. Journal of Media Economics, 26(2), 98–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kraaykamp, G., & Eijck, Van. (2010). The Intergenerational Reproduction of Cultural Capital: A Threefold Perspective. Social Forces, 89(1), 209–231.Google Scholar
- Kristensen, N. N. (2010). The Historical Transformation of Cultural Journalism. Northern Lights, 8, 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.8.69_1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kristensen, N. N. (2019). Cultural Journalism—Journalism About Culture. Sociology Compass, 13(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12701.
- Kristensen, N. N., & From, U. (2012). Lifestyle Journalism: Blurring Boundaries. Journalism Practice, 6(1), 26–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kristensen, N. N., & From, U. (2015). From Ivory Tower to Cross-Media Personas: The Heterogeneous Cultural Critics in the Media. Journalism Practice, 9(6), 853–871.Google Scholar
- Kristensen, N. N., & From, U. (2018). Cultural Journalists on Social Media. MedieKultur, 65, 76–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kristensen, N. N., & Riegert, K. (Eds.). (2017). Cultural Journalism in the Nordic Countries. Göteborg: Nordicom.Google Scholar
- McDonald, R. (2007). The Death of the Critic. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
- McKenzie, P. J., Burkell, J., Wong, L., Whippey, C., Trosow, S. E., & McNally, M. (2012). User-Generated Online Content 1: Overview, Current State and Context. First Monday, 17(6).Google Scholar
- Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., & Medders, R. B. (2010). Social and Heuristic Approaches to Credibility Evaluation Online. Journal of Communication, 60, 413–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Meyer, H.-D. (2000). Taste Formation in Pluralistic Societies: The Role of Rhetorics and Institutions. International Sociology, 15(1), 33–56.Google Scholar
- Morse, B. J., Gullekson, N. L., Morris, S. A., & Popovich, P. M. (2011). The Development of a General Internet Attitudes Scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 480–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Nagy, P., & Neff, G. (2015). Imagined Affordance: Reconstructing a Keyword for Communication Theory. Social Media + Society, 1(2). First Published September 30, 2015.Google Scholar
- Parikh, A., Behnke, C., Vorvoreanu, M., Almanza, B., & Nelson, D. (2014). Motives for Reading and Articulating User-Generated Restaurant Reviews on Yelp.com. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 5, 160–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Picone, I., Kleut, J., Pavličková, T., Romic, B., Møller Hartley, J., & De Rider, S. (2019). Small Acts of Engagement: Reconnecting Productive Audience Practices with Everyday Agency. New Media & Society, 21(9), 2010–2028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Porcu, M., & Giambona, F. (2017). Introduction to Latent Class Analysis with Applications. Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(1), 129–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Purhonen, S., Heikkilä, R., Hazir, I. K., Lauronen, T., Rodríguez, C. J. F., & Gronow, J. (2019). Enter Culture, Exit Arts? The Transformation of Cultural Hierarchies in European Newspaper Culture Sections, 1960–2010. Abingdon, UK and New York, USA: Routledge.Google Scholar
- Rettberg, J. W. (2013). Blogging: Digital Media and Society Series (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
- Ritzer, G., & Jurgenson, N. (2010). Production, Consumption, Prosumption: The Nature of Capitalism in the Age of the Digital ‘Prosumer’. Journal of Consumer Culture, 10, 13–36.Google Scholar
- Ruvio, A., & Shoham, A. (2007). Innovativeness, Exploratory Behavior, Market Mavenship, and Opinion Leadership: An Empirical Examination in the Asian Context. Psychology & Marketing, 24, 703–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schaper, J., de Haan, J., & Wennekers, A. (2019). Trends in Media: Tijd. The Hague: SCP—The Netherlands Institute for Social Research. https://www.scp.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2019/12/19/trends-in-media-tijd.
- Swart, J., Peters, C., & Broersma, M. (2017). Navigating Cross-Media News Use. Journalism Studies, 18(11), 1343–1362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Van Dijck, J. (2009). Users Like You? Theorizing Agency in User-Generated Content. Media, Culture and Society, 31(1), 41–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Verboord, M. (2010). The Legitimacy of Book Critics in the Age of the Internet and Omnivorousness. European Sociological Review, 26(6), 623–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Verboord, M. (2014). The Impact of Peer-Produced Criticism on Cultural Evaluation: A Multilevel Analysis of Discourse Employment in Online and Offline Film Reviews. New Media & Society, 16(6), 921–940.Google Scholar
- Verboord, M. (2019). Music Mavens Revisited: Comparing the Impact of Connectivity and Dispositions in the Digital Age. Journal of Consumer Culture. First Published April 26, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540519846203.
- Verboord, M., & Janssen, S. (2015). Arts Journalism and Its Packaging in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States 1955–2005. Journalism Practice, 9(6), 829–852. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1051369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Vermunt, J., & Magidson, J. (2016). Technical Guide for Latent GOLD 5.1: Basic, Advanced, and Syntax. Belmont, MA: Statistical Innovations Inc.Google Scholar
- Vos, T. P., Eichholz, M., & Karaliova, T. (2019). Audiences and Journalistic Capital: Roles of Journalism. Journalism Studies, 20(7), 1009–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Webster, J. (2014). The Marketplace of Attention. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
- Wellman, B., Quan-Hasse, A., Boase, J., Chen, W., Hampton, K., Diaz, I., & Miyato, K. (2003). The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 8(3), JCMC834. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2003.tb00216.x.