Abstract
Time is an effective concept generated by the development of human natural languages and reinforced by its practical success when used to simplify the description of macroscopic bodies. After the advent of the scientific method, time has occupied a formal role started by the laws of classical dynamics. It has led to the concept of causality by combining it with the principle of induction. At a fundamental level, the extension of such concept out of the natural language to foundations of physics generates tautologies, paradoxes, contradictions, and it limits the ultimate comprehension of nature. I show that even the operative definition of time based on a pair of atomic clocks is a tautology which could be circumvented by using only space-related concepts. On the other hand, using time is not a necessary requirement to describe dynamics, for instance, by the Hamiltonian formalism. Indeed, by applying a variational principle, a natural timeless parametrization of the trajectory in the phase space arises. I show how to fill the gap by the timelessness of fundamental physics by replacing the concept of periodicity in time with cyclicity in the phase space. The connection is completed by defining subsystems acting as generalized clocks with respect to which the description of dynamics of the other subsystems becomes simple.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Prati E (2016) Atomic scale nanoelectronics for quantum neuromorphic devices: comparing different materials. Int J Nanotech 13(7):509–523
Barbour JB (1994) The timelessness of quantum gravity: II. The appearance of dynamics in static configurations Class Quantum Gravity 11:2875, 2898
Rovelli C (2006) Quantum gravity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridg
Callender C (2010) Is Time an Illusion? Sci Am 302:58–65
Prati E (2011) Generalized clocks in timeless canonical formalism. J Phys: Conf Ser 306:012013
Zenczykowski P (2009) The Clifford algebra of nonrelativistic phase space and the concept of mass. J Phys A: Math Theor 42:045204
De Witt BS (1967) Quantum theory of gravity. I Phys Rev 160:1113
Kiehn RM (2003) Thermodynamic irreversibility and the arrow of time. In: Buccheri R et al (eds) The nature of time: geometry, physics and perception. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 243–250
Prati E (2013) Speakable and unspeakable in physics of time. EPJ Web Conf 58:01019
Diddams et al (2001) An optical clock based on a single trapped 199Hg+ ion. Science 293:825
Lindner et al (2005) Attosecond double-slit experiment. Phys Rev Lett 95:040401
Palacios A (2009) Two-electron time-delay interference in atomic double ionization by attosecond pulses. Phys Rev Lett 103:253001
Niikura H (2002) Sub-laser-cycle electron pulses for probing molecular dynamics. Nature 417:917–922
Linden HBV et al (2001) Multiphonon processes studies in modern optics, vol 8. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 25
Salieres P et al (2002) Feynman’s path-integral approach for intense-laser-atom interactions. Science 292:902
Sydenham PH, Thorn R (2005) Handbook of measuring system design. Definition of time, time interval and frequency. Wiley, p 1341
Landau LD, Lifshitz EM, Mechanics, vol 1
Arnold VI (1989) Mathematical methods of classical mechanics. Chap IX, 2ed. Springer, Berlin
Barbour JB (1994) The timelessness of quantum gravity: II. The appearance of dynamics in static configurations. Class Quantum Gravity 11:2898
Levine (1999) Invited Review Article: The statistical modeling of atomic clocks and the design of time scales. Rev Sci Instrum 70(6):2567
Heavner P, Jefferts SR, Donley EA, Shirley JH, Parker TE (2005) NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations. Metrologia 42(5):411
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Prati, E. (2021). Reformulating Physics Without Time. In: Bandyopadhyay, A., Ray, K. (eds) Rhythmic Oscillations in Proteins to Human Cognition. Studies in Rhythm Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7253-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7253-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-7252-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-7253-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)