Abstract
In a vast number of medical treatments, the local drug delivery is of prime importance to achieve a favorable therapeutic effect since it enhances drug bioavailability. These systems provide biological and chemical protection for drugs, reduce toxicity, increase the concentration at the site of interest, and avoid systemic exposure. The development of local systems is of great interest in both prophylactics and intensive therapies, and their formulation will depend on the characteristics of the drug and motives for actions pursued. This chapter describes the use of carrier systems, routes of administration, release mechanisms and methods, and site of action.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akbarzadeh A et al (2013) Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 8(102):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-102
Allen HF, Mangiaracine AB (1974) Bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract extraction. II. Incidence in 36,000 consecutive operations with special reference to preoperative topical antibiotics. Arch Ophthalmol 91(1):3–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1974.03900060007002
Alt V, Franke J, Schnettler R (2015) Local delivery of antibiotics in the surgical treatment of bone infections. Tech Orthop 30(4):230–235. https://doi.org/10.1097/BTO.0000000000000153
Alvarez-Lorenzo C et al (2016) Stimuli-responsive polymers for antimicrobial therapy: drug targeting, contact-killing surfaces and competitive release. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 13(8):1109–1119. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2016.1178719
Amoli-Diva M, Sadighi-Bonabi R, Pourghazi K (2017) Laser-assisted triggered-drug release from silver nanoparticles-grafted dual-responsive polymer. Mater Sci Eng 76:536–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.089
Amstad E, Kim S-H, Weitz DA (2012) Photo- and thermoresponsive polymersomes for triggered release. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(50):12499–12503. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201206531
Anand A et al (2020) Development of antibiotic loaded mesoporous bioactive glass and its drug release kinetics. Ceram Int 46(4):5477–5483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.264
Bajpai AK et al (2016) Smart biomaterial devices: polymers in biomedical sciences, vol 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Baum U, Peyman GA, Barza M (1982) Intravitreal administration of antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. III. Consensus. Surv Ophthalmol 26(4):204–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(82)90080-7
Berlanga M, Guerrero R (2016) Living together in biofilms: the microbial cell factory and its biotechnological implications. Microb Cell Factories 15(165):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-016-0569-5
Birrer GA et al (2001) Parenteral dosage forms. In: Ahuja S, Scypinski S (eds) Handbook of modern pharmaceutical analysis. Academic, Cambridge, pp 269–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-6395(01)80009-X
Blackman LD et al (2019) An introduction to zwitterionic polymer behavior and applications in solution and at surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 48(3):757–770. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00508g
Boppana R et al (2019) Novel pH-sensitive interpenetrated network polyspheres of polyacrylamide-g-locust bean gum and sodium alginate for intestinal targeting of ketoprofen: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 180:362–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.060
Bors L, Erdő F (2019) Overcoming the blood–brain barrier. challenges and tricks for CNS drug delivery. Sci Pharm 87(1):6–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm87010006
Brown RM, Semler MW (2019) Fluid management in sepsis. J Intensive Care Med 34(5):364–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066618784861
Bruschi ML (2015) Main mechanisms to control the drug release. In: Bruschi ML (ed) Strategies to modify the drug release from pharmaceutical systems. Woodhead Publishing, Oxford, pp 37–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100092-2.00004-7
Bush K, Bradford PA (2016) β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors: an overview. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 6(8):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a025247
Cabane E et al (2012) Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications in nanomedicine. Biointerphases 7(9):1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13758-011-0009-3
Cao J et al (2019) Phosphorylcholine-based polymer encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles enhance the penetration of antimicrobials in a Staphylococcal biofilm. ACS Macro Lett 8(6):651–657. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00142
Chen W, Cheng C-A, Zink JI (2019) Spatial, temporal, and dose control of drug delivery using noninvasive magnetic stimulation. ACS Nano 13(2):1292–1308. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b06655
Chen W et al (2020) Magnetic/pH-sensitive double-layer microrobots for drug delivery and sustained release. Appl Mater Today 19(100583):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100583
Cheng T et al (2015) A surface-adaptive nanocarrier to prolong circulation time and enhance cellular uptake. Chem Commun 51(81):14985–14988. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC05854F
Clark EA, Lipson JEG (2012) LCST and UCST behavior in polymer solutions and blends. Polymer 53(2):536–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.045
Dafale NA et al (2016) Selection of appropriate analytical tools to determine the potency and bioactivity of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. J Pharm Anal 6(4):207–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2016.05.006
Daraee H et al (2016) Application of liposomes in medicine and drug delivery. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 44(1):381–391. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.953633
Do Nascimento Marques N, Da Silva Maia AM, De Carvalho Balaban R (2015) Development of dual-sensitive smart polymers by grafting chitosan with poly (N-isopropylacrylamide): an overview. Polimeros 25(3):237–246. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1744
Dubald M et al (2018) Ophthalmic drug delivery systems for antibiotherapy—a review. Pharmaceutics 10(1):10–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10010010
Fahmy JA (1980) Bacterial flora in relation to cataract extraction. V. Effects of topical antibiotics on the preoperative conjunctival flora. Acta Ophthalmol 58(4):567–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1980.tb08298.x
Falciani C et al (2020) Antimicrobial peptide-loaded nanoparticles as inhalation therapy for pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Int J Nanomedicine 15:1117–1128. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S218966
Farr N et al (2018) Hyperthermia-enhanced targeted drug delivery using magnetic resonance-guided focussed ultrasound: a pre-clinical study in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer. Int J Hyperth 34(3):284–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2017.1336675
Francois I et al (2006) Azoles: mode of antifungal action and resistance development. Effect of miconazole on endogenous reactive oxygen species production in Candida albicans. Anti-Infect Agents Med Chem 5(1):3–13. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152106774755554
Freeman CD, Klutman NE, Lamp KC (1997) Metronidazole. A therapeutic review and update. Drugs 54(5):679–708. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199754050-00003
Gandhi A et al (2015) Studies on thermoresponsive polymers: phase behaviour, drug delivery and biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 10(2):99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2014.08.010
Geller DE et al (2011) Levofloxacin inhalation solution (MP-376) in patients with cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183(11):1510–1516. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201008-1293OC
Gibson GG, Skett P (1996) Pathways of drug metabolism. In: Gibson GG, Skett P (eds) Introduction to drug metabolism. Springer, Boston, pp 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6844-9_1
Gong F et al (2020) Drug-interactive mPEG-b-PLA-Phe(Boc) micelles enhance the tolerance and anti-tumor efficacy of docetaxel. Drug Deliv 27(1):238–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2020.1718245
Gordetsky J et al (2018) Second opinion expert pathology review in bladder cancer: implications for patient care. Int J Surg Pathol 26(1):12–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066896917730903
Guo L-Y et al (2020) Evaluation of hypocrellin A-loaded lipase sensitive polymer micelles for intervening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection. Mater Sci Eng 106:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110230
Gupta NP, Damodharan N (2019) pH - responsive polymers and its application in drug delivery system and pharmaceutical field. Res J Pharm Technol 12(2):944–958. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00159.8
Gutfleisch O (2001) Basic principles of hard magnetic materials. In: Buschow KHJ et al (eds) Encyclopedia of materials: science and technology, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 3719–3722. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043152-6/00663-X
Harper KD et al (2018) Administration of intravenous antibiotics in patients with open fractures is dependent on emergency room triaging. PLoS ONE 13(8):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202013
Hassanein MM (2019) Sulfonamides: far from obsolete. Int J Contemp Pediatr 6(6):2740–2745. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194768
He M et al (2016) Zwitterionic materials for antifouling membrane surface construction. Acta Biomater 40:142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.038
Hooper DC (1999) Mode of action of fluoroquinolones. Drugs 58(Supplement 2):6–10. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199958002-00002
Horev B et al (2015) pH-activated nanoparticles for controlled topical delivery of farnesol to disrupt oral biofilm virulence. ACS Nano 9(3):2390–2404. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn507170s
Horton J (2000) Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans. Parasitology 121(S1):S113–S132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000007290
Illescas J, Burillo G (2009) pH- and temperature-responsive behavior of comb-type graft hydrogels of poly(acrylic acid) synthesized using gamma radiation. Macromol Mater Eng 294(6–7):414–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200900006
Jin X et al (2019) Supramolecular nanoscale drug-delivery system with ordered structure. Natl Sci Rev 6(6):1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz018
Kamath G et al (2013) Thermodynamic considerations for solubility and conformational transitions of poly-N-isopropyl-acrylamide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(30):12667–12673. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp44076a
Kok-Yong S, Lawrence L (2015) Drug distribution and drug elimination. In: Ahmed TA (ed) Basic pharmacokinetic concepts and some clinical applications. InTech, London. https://doi.org/10.5772/59929
Kong G et al (2000) Efficacy of liposomes and hyperthermia in a human tumor xenograft model: importance of triggered drug release. Cancer Res 60(24):6950–6957
Kotra LP, Haddad J, Mobashery S (2000) Aminoglycosides: perspectives on mechanisms of action and resistance and strategies to counter resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44(12):3249–3256. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.44.12.3249-3256.2000
Kumar CSSR, Mohammad F (2011) Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63(9):789–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.008
Kumar A et al (2007) Smart polymers: physical forms and bioengineering applications. Prog Polym Sci 32(10):1205–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.003
Kunisawa J et al (2005) Fusogenic liposome delivers encapsulated nanoparticles for cytosolic controlled gene release. J Control Release 105(3):344–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.03.020
Kwon GS, Okano T (1996) Polymeric micelles as new drug carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 21(2):107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(96)00401-2
Laschewsky A (2014) Structures and synthesis of zwitterionic polymers. Polymers 6:1544–1601. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym6051544
Le PN, Huynh CK, Tran NQ (2018) Advances in thermosensitive polymer-grafted platforms for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng 92:1016–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.02.006
Leclercq S et al (2017) Low-dose penicillin in early life induces long-term changes in murine gut microbiota, brain cytokines and behavior. Nat Commun 8(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15062
Leppert W et al (2018) Transdermal and topical drug administration in the treatment of pain. Molecules 23(3):681–696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030681
Lesar TS, Fiscella RG (1985) Antimicrobial drug delivery to the eye. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 19(9):642–654. https://doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900905
Levison ME, Levison JH (2009) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents. Infect Dis Clin N Am 23(4):791–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2009.06.008
Li L et al (2014) Core–shell supramolecular gelatin nanoparticles for adaptive and “on-demand” antibiotic delivery. ACS Nano 8(5):4975–4983. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn501040h
Li Y et al (2016) Enzyme-responsive polymeric vesicles for bacterial-strain-selective delivery of antimicrobial agents. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(5):1760–1764. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201509401
Li W, Ju B, Zhang S (2020) Novel amphiphilic cellulose nanocrystals for pH-responsive pickering emulsions. Carbohydr Polym 229(115401):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115401
Liechty WB et al (2010) Polymers for drug delivery systems. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 1:149–173. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-100847
Liu L et al (2008) Polymeric micelles anchored with TAT for delivery of antibiotics across the blood-brain barrier. Biopolymers 90(5):617–623. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.20998
Liu Y et al (2016) Surface-adaptive, antimicrobially loaded, micellar nanocarriers with enhanced penetration and killing efficiency in Staphylococcal biofilms. ACS Nano 10(4):4779–4789. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b01370
Liu JF et al (2019) Use of magnetic fields and nanoparticles to trigger drug release and improve tumor targeting. Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 11(e1571):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1571
Lopez-Berestein G et al (1985) Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of systemic fungal infections in patients with cancer: a preliminary study. J Infect Dis 151(4):704–710. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/151.4.704
Lu W et al (2008) The use of solid lipid nanoparticles to target a lipophilic molecule to the liver after intravenous administration to mice. Int J Biol Macromol 43(3):320–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.06.006
Mahanty S et al (2017) TNF-α blockade suppresses pericystic inflammation following anthelmintic treatment in porcine neurocysticercosis. PLOS Negl Trop Dis 11(11):e0006059. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006059
Maleki H et al (2016) Synthesis and biomedical applications of aerogels: possibilities and challenges. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 236:1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.011
Mallory M et al (2016) Therapeutic hyperthermia: the old, the new, and the upcoming. Crit Rev Oncol 97:56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.003
Mast N et al (2013) Antifungal azoles: structural insights into undesired tight binding to cholesterol-metabolizing CYP46A1. Mol Pharmacol 84(1):86–94. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.113.085902
Milkovich G, Piazza CJ (1991) Considerations in comparing intravenous and intramuscular antibiotics. Chemotherapy 37(2):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1159/000238912
Mohapatra A et al (2018) Magnetic stimulus responsive vancomycin drug delivery system based on chitosan microbeads embedded with magnetic nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res Pt B 106(6):2169–2176. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34015
Mosges R, Eichel A, Nematian-Samani B (2011) Treatment of acute otitis externa with ciprofloxacin otic 0.2% antibiotic ear solution. Ther Clin Risk Manag 7:325–336. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S6769
Muñoz-Muñoz F et al (2015) Gamma ray radiation in the design of smart systems for controlled drug release and tissue engineering. In: De Sousa HC, Braga MEM, Sosnik A (eds) Biomateriais aplicados ao desenvolvimento de sistemas terapêuticos avançados. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, pp 485–519. https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0881-5_12
Nau R, Sorgel F, Eiffert H (2010) Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 23(4):858–883. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00007-10
Neuwelt EA et al (1984) Cerebrovascular permeability and delivery of gentamicin to normal brain and experimental brain abscess in rats. J Neurosurg 61(3):430–439. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1984.61.3.0430
Ning Y-M et al (2007) Liposomal doxorubicin in combination with bortezomib for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Oncology 21(12):1503–1516
Noel SP et al (2008) Chitosan films: a potential local drug delivery system for antibiotics. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466(6):1377–1382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0228-1
Obaidat I, Issa B, Haik Y (2015) Magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles for efficient hyperthermia. Nanomaterials 5:63–89. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano5010063
Olusanya TOB et al (2018) Liposomal drug delivery systems and anticancer drugs. Molecules 23(907):1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040907
Osmani R et al (2014) In-situ forming parenteral drug delivery: a new-fangled loom in therapeutics. Am J Pharm Health Res 2:20–47
Paderni C et al (2012) Oral local drug delivery and new perspectives in oral drug formulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 114(3):e25–e34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.016
Patel R, Patel K (2010) Advances in novel parentral drug delivery systems. Asian J Pharm 4(3):193–199. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8398.72117
Pertici V et al (2019) Degradable and injectable hydrogel for drug delivery in soft tissues. Biomacromolecules 20(1):149–163. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01242
Pimenta AFR et al (2017) Controlled release of moxifloxacin from intraocular lenses modified by Ar plasma-assisted grafting with AMPS or SBMA: an in vitro study. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 156:95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.060
Pornpattananangkul D et al (2011) Bacterial toxin-triggered drug release from gold nanoparticle-stabilized liposomes for the treatment of bacterial infection. J Am Chem Soc 133(11):4132–4139. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja111110e
Prasad R, Pandey R, Varma A, Barman I (2017) Polymer based nanoparticles for drug delivery systems and cancer therapeutics. In: Kharkwal H, Janaswamy S (eds) Natural polymers for drug delivery. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 53–70
Prasad R, Siddhardha B, Dyavaiah M (2020) Nanostructures for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham. ISBN 978-3-030-40336-2. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030403362
Qiu Y, Park K (2001) Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 53(3):321–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00203-4
Quon BS, Goss CH, Ramsey BW (2014) Inhaled antibiotics for lower airway infections. Ann Am Thorac Soc 11(3):425–434. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201311-395FR
Rasool N et al (2010) Synthesis and characterization of novel pH-, ionic strength and temperature-sensitive hydrogel for insulin delivery. Polymer 51(8):1687–1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.02.013
Reiter J et al (2020) Investigation of the deposition behaviour and antibacterial effectivity of allicin aerosols and vapour using a lung model. Exp Ther Med 19(2):1541–1549. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.8387
Rezk AI et al (2019) Drug release and kinetic models of anticancer drug (BTZ) from a pH-responsive alginate polydopamine hydrogel: towards cancer chemotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 141:388–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.013
Rizwan M et al (2017) pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery: brief history, properties, swelling, and release mechanism, material selection and applications. Polymers 9(137):1–37. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9040137
Rubio N et al (2017) Grafting from versus grafting to approaches for the functionalization of fraphene nanoplatelets with poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 50(18):7070–7079. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01047
Saraf S et al (2020) Advances in liposomal drug delivery to cancer: an overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 56(101549):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101549
Schwach-Abdellaoui K et al (2002) Controlled delivery of metoclopramide using an injectable semi-solid poly(ortho ester) for veterinary application. Int J Pharm 248(1):31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(02)00314-9
Sercombe L et al (2015) Advances and challenges of liposome assisted drug delivery. Front Pharmacol 6(286):1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00286
Seuring J, Agarwal S (2012) Polymers with upper critical solution temperature in aqueous solution. Macromol Rapid Commun 33(22):1898–1920. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201200433
Siepmann J, Siegel RA, Rathbone MJ (2012) Fundamentals and applications of controlled release drug delivery. In: Siepmann J, Siegel RA, Rathbone MJ (eds) Fundamentals and applications of controlled release drug delivery. Springer, New York, pp 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0881-9
Simmen H-P et al (1994) Analysis of pH, pO2 and pCO2 in drainage fluid allows for rapid detection of infectious complications during the follow-up period after abdominal surgery. Infection 22(6):386–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01715494
Singh PK, Nath S (2013) Molecular recognition controlled delivery of a small molecule from a nanocarrier to natural DNA. J Phys Chem B 117(36):10370–10375. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp402902k
Sirivisoot S, Harrison BS (2015) Magnetically stimulated ciprofloxacin release from polymeric microspheres entrapping iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 10:4447–4458. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S82830
Sköld O (2000) Sulfonamide resistance: mechanisms and trends. Drug Resist Updat 3(3):155–160. https://doi.org/10.1054/drup.2000.0146
Slavc I et al (2018) Best practices for the use of intracerebroventricular drug delivery devices. Mol Genet Metab 124(3):184–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.05.003
Sonawane SJ, Kalhapure RS, Govender T (2017) Hydrazone linkages in pH responsive drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 99:45–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.011
Sonawane SJ et al (2020) AB2-type amphiphilic block copolymer containing a pH-cleavable hydrazone linkage for targeted antibiotic delivery. Int J Pharm 575(118948):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118948
Spížek J, Řezanka T (2017) Lincosamides: chemical structure, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, resistance, and applications. Biochem Pharmacol 133:20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.001
Starr MB (1983) Prophylactic antibiotics for ophthalmic surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 27(6):353–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(83)90193-5
Su L et al (2019) Recent advances and future prospects on adaptive biomaterials for antimicrobial applications. Macromol Biosci 19(1900289):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201900289
Teotia AK, Sami H, Kumar A (2015) Thermo-responsive polymers: structure and design of smart materials. In: Zhang ZBT-S (ed) Switchable and responsive surfaces and materials for biomedical applications. Woodhead Publishing, Oxford, pp 3–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-85709-713-2.00001-8
Thornton Spann C, Taylor SC, Weinberg JM (2004) Topical antimicrobial agents in dermatology. Dis Mon 50(7):407–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2004.05.011
Weiss M (1984) Definition of pharmacokinetic parameters: influence of the sampling site. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 12(2):167–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01059276
White RE (2000) High-throughput screening in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic support of drug discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 40(1):133–157. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.133
Wilson CG (2013) Oral drug delivery. In: Ratner BD et al (eds) Biomaterials science, 3rd edn. Academic, Cambridge, pp 1083–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-087780-8.00102-9
Xie H et al (2015) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a therapeutic enzyme (idursulfase) in cynomolgus monkeys after intrathecal and intravenous administration. PLoS ONE 10(4):e0122453. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122453
Xiong M-H et al (2012) Bacteria-responsive multifunctional nanogel for targeted antibiotic delivery. Adv Mater 24(46):6175–6180. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201202847
Yang WW, Pierstorff E (2012) Reservoir-based polymer drug delivery systems. J Lab Automat 17(1):50–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/2211068211428189
Yang YF et al (2010) Surface hydrophilization of microporous polypropylene membrane by grafting zwitterionic polymer for anti-biofouling. J Membr Sci 362(1–2):255–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.048
Yang X et al (2020) Cellulose-based polymeric emulsifier stabilized poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) hydrogel with temperature and pH responsiveness. Int J Biol Macromol 143:190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.019
Zarrintaj P et al (2019) Thermo-sensitive polymers in medicine: a review. Eur Polym J 117:402–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.024
Zhanel GG et al (2007) Comparative review of the carbapenems. Drugs 67(7):1027–1052. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200767070-00006
Zhang L et al (2013) Antibiotic administration routes significantly influence the levels of antibiotic resistance in gut microbiota. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57(8):3659–3666. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00670-13
Zhang Y et al (2019) Silver-infused porphyrinic metal–organic framework: surface-adaptive, on-demand nanoplatform for synergistic bacteria killing and wound disinfection. Adv Funct Mater 29(11):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201808594
Zhu F (2019) Starch based aerogels: production, properties and applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 89:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.001
Zrinyi M (2014) Magnetically responsive polymer gels and elastomers: properties, synthesis and applications. In: Smart polymers and their applications. Elsevier, London, pp 134–165. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097026.1.134
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México under Grant IN202320.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Duarte, L., López-Saucedo, J., Vázquez, E., Flores-Rojas, G.G., Lopéz-Saucedo, F., Bucio, E. (2021). Antimicrobial Materials for Local Drug Delivery. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M.I., Prasad, R. (eds) Advanced Antimicrobial Materials and Applications. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7098-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7098-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-7097-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-7098-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)