Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vascular Complications after Hepatic Transplantation: Role of Interventional Radiology in Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Basics of Hepatobiliary Interventions

Abstract

Vascular complications are one of the most dreaded complications following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Although these complications are uncommon they have a high incidence of graft loss and mortality and thus have a significant impact on the patient. Prompt diagnosis and management can lead to graft salvage. The current trends have shown an increase in the endovascular management of these complications which have now become the first line of management in most of the cases. Surgical management still plays a major role in few of the complications and especially when the endovascular techniques fail. In this chapter, we comprehensively discuss the vascular complications following OLT, their mode of presentation, the current line of management along with the description of endovascular techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Khalaf H. Vascular complications after deceased and living donor liver transplantation: a single-center experience. Transplant Proc. 2010;42(3):865–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wozney P, Zajko AB, Bron KM, Point S, Starzl TE. Vascular complications after liver transplantation: a 5-year experience. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;147(4):657–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Karatzas T, Lykaki-Karatzas E, Webb M, Nery J, Tsaroucha A, Demirbas A, et al. Vascular complications, treatment, and outcome following orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1997;29(7):2853–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Pawlak J, Grodzicki M, Leowska E, Malkowski P, Michalowicz B, Nyckowski P, et al. Vascular complications after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2003;35(6):2313–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Duffy JP, Hong JC, Farmer DG, Ghobrial RM, Yersiz H, Hiatt JR, et al. Vascular complications of orthotopic liver transplantation: experience in more than 4,200 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(5):896–903. Discussion–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Perez-Saborido B, Pacheco-Sanchez D, Barrera-Rebollo A, Asensio-Diaz E, Pinto-Fuentes P, Sarmentero-Prieto JC, et al. Incidence, management, and results of vascular complications after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2011;43(3):749–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Dodd GD 3rd, Memel DS, Zajko AB, Baron RL, Santaguida LA. Hepatic artery stenosis and thrombosis in transplant recipients: Doppler diagnosis with resistive index and systolic acceleration time. Radiology. 1994;192(3):657–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Crossin JD, Muradali D, Wilson SR. US of liver transplants: normal and abnormal. Radiographics. 2003;23(5):1093–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Stell D, Downey D, Marotta P, Solano E, Khakhar A, Quan D, et al. Prospective evaluation of the role of quantitative Doppler ultrasound surveillance in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2004;10(9):1183–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Panaro F, Gallix B, Bouyabrine H, Ramos J, Addeo P, Testa G, et al. Liver transplantation and spontaneous neovascularization after arterial thrombosis: “the neovascularized liver”. Transplant Int. 2011;24(9):949–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Pastacaldi S, Teixeira R, Montalto P, Rolles K, Burroughs AK. Hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation: a review of nonsurgical causes. Liver Transpl. 2001;7(2):75–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Silva MA, Jambulingam PS, Gunson BK, Mayer D, Buckels JA, Mirza DF, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation: a 10-year experience from a single Centre in the United Kingdom. Liver Transpl. 2006;12(1):146–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bekker J, Ploem S, de Jong KP. Early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation: a systematic review of the incidence, outcome and risk factors. American J Transpl. 2009;9(4):746–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hejazi Kenari SK, Zimmerman A, Eslami M, Saidi RF. Current state of art management for vascular complications after liver transplantation. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2014;6(3):121–30.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Saad WE, Davies MG, Saad NE, Westesson KE, Patel NC, Sahler LG, et al. Catheter thrombolysis of thrombosed hepatic arteries in liver transplant recipients: predictors of success and role of thrombolysis. Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;41(1):19–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Singhal A, Stokes K, Sebastian A, Wright HI, Kohli V. Endovascular treatment of hepatic artery thrombosis following liver transplantation. Transplant Int. 2010;23(3):245–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Steinbruck K, Enne M, Fernandes R, Martinho JM, Balbi E, Agoglia L, et al. Vascular complications after living donor liver transplantation: a Brazilian, single-center experience. Transplant Proc. 2011;43(1):196–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Langnas AN, Marujo W, Stratta RJ, Wood RP, Shaw BW Jr. Vascular complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Surg. 1991;161(1):76–82. Discussion–3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Pareja E, Cortes M, Navarro R, Sanjuan F, Lopez R, Mir J. Vascular complications after orthotopic liver transplantation: hepatic artery thrombosis. Transplant Proc. 2010;42(8):2970–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Unal B, Gonultas F, Aydin C, Otan E, Kayaalp C, Yilmaz S. Hepatic artery thrombosis-related risk factors after living donor liver transplantation: single-center experience from Turkey. Transplant Proc. 2013;45(3):974–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Drazan K, Shaked A, Olthoff KM, Imagawa D, Jurim O, Kiai K, et al. Etiology and management of symptomatic adult hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Am Surg. 1996;62(3):237–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bhattacharjya S, Gunson BK, Mirza DF, Mayer DA, Buckels JA, McMaster P, et al. Delayed hepatic artery thrombosis in adult orthotopic liver transplantation-a 12-year experience. Transplantation. 2001;71(11):1592–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gunsar F, Rolando N, Pastacaldi S, Patch D, Raimondo ML, Davidson B, et al. Late hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2003;9(6):605–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Margarit C, Hidalgo E, Lazaro JL, Murio E, Charco R, Balsells J. Biliary complications secondary to late hepatic artery thrombosis in adult liver transplant patients. Transplant Int. 1998;11(Suppl 1):S251–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pungpapong S, Manzarbeitia C, Ortiz J, Reich DJ, Araya V, Rothstein KD, et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased incidence of vascular complications after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2002;8(7):582–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Panaro F, Ramos J, Gallix B, Mercier G, Herrero A, Niampa H, et al. Hepatic artery complications following liver transplantation. Does preoperative chemoembolization impact the postoperative course? Clin Transpl. 2014;28(5):598–605.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Marin-Gomez LM, Bernal-Bellido C, Alamo-Martinez JM, Porras-Lopez FM, Suarez-Artacho G, Serrano-Diaz-Canedo J, et al. Intraoperative hepatic artery blood flow predicts early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2012;44(7):2078–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Fouzas I, Sklavos A, Bismpa K, Paxiadakis I, Antoniadis N, Giakoustidis D, et al. Hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation: 3 patients with collateral formation and conservative treatment. Transplant Proc. 2012;44(9):2741–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Abdelaziz O, Hosny K, Amin A, Emadeldin S, Uemoto S, Mostafa M. Endovascular management of early hepatic artery thrombosis after living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Int. 2012;25(8):847–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Figueras J, Busquets J, Dominguez J, Sancho C, Casanovas-Taltavull T, Rafecas A, et al. Intra-arterial thrombolysis in the treatment of acute hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 1995;59(9):1356–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Vidjak V, Novacic K, Matijevic F, Kavur L, Slavica M, Mrzljak A, et al. Percutaneous endovascular treatment for hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation: the role of percutaneous endovascular treatment. Pol J Radiol. 2015;80:309–16.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Saad WE, Davies MG, Sahler L, Lee DE, Patel NC, Kitanosono T, et al. Hepatic artery stenosis in liver transplant recipients: primary treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005;16(6):795–805.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Abbasoglu O, Levy MF, Vodapally MS, Goldstein RM, Husberg BS, Gonwa TA, et al. Hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation--incidence, presentation, treatment, and long term outcome. Transplantation. 1997;63(2):250–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sabri SS, Saad WE, Schmitt TM, Turba UC, Kumer SC, Park AW, et al. Endovascular therapy for hepatic artery stenosis and thrombosis following liver transplantation. Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;45(5):447–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Uller W, Knoppke B, Schreyer AG, Heiss P, Schlitt HJ, Melter M, et al. Interventional radiological treatment of perihepatic vascular stenosis or occlusion in pediatric patients after liver transplantation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013;36(6):1562–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Denys AL, Qanadli SD, Durand F, Vilgrain V, Farges O, Belghiti J, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of using coronary stents in the treatment of hepatic artery stenoses after orthotopic liver transplantation: preliminary report. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178(5):1175–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Frongillo F, Grossi U, Lirosi MC, Nure E, Sganga G, Avolio AW, et al. Incidence, management, and results of hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation in the era of donor to recipient match. Transplant Proc. 2013;45(7):2722–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Orons PD, Sheng R, Zajko AB. Hepatic artery stenosis in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and cholangiographic appearance of associated biliary complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165(5):1145–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rostambeigi N, Hunter D, Duval S, Chinnakotla S, Golzarian J. Stent placement versus angioplasty for hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplant: a meta-analysis of case series. Eur Radiol. 2013;23(5):1323–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Boyvat F, Aytekin C, Harman A, Sevmis S, Karakayali H, Haberal M. Endovascular stent placement in patients with hepatic artery stenoses or thromboses after liver transplant. Transplant Proc. 2008;40(1):22–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhao DB, Shan H, Jiang ZB, Huang MS, Zhu KS, Chen GH, et al. Role of interventional therapy in hepatic artery stenosis and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(22):3128–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Turrion VS, Alvira LG, Jimenez M, Lucena JL, Ardaiz J. Incidence and results of arterial complications in liver transplantation: experience in a series of 400 transplants. Transplant Proc. 2002;34(1):292–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Leelaudomlipi S, Bramhall SR, Gunson BK, Candinas D, Buckels JA, McMaster P, et al. Hepatic-artery aneurysm in adult liver transplantation. Transplant Int. 2003;16(4):257–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Volpin E, Pessaux P, Sauvanet A, Sibert A, Kianmanesh R, Durand F, et al. Preservation of the arterial vascularisation after hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following orthotopic liver transplantation: long-term results. Ann Transplant. 2014;19:346–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Panaro F, Miggino M, Bouyabrine H, Carabalona JP, Berthet JP, Canaud L, et al. Reversed saphenous bypass for hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after liver transplantation. Ann Vasc Surg. 2013;27(8):1088–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Fistouris J, Herlenius G, Backman L, Olausson M, Rizell M, Mjornstedt L, et al. Pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery following liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2006;38(8):2679–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Bonham CA, Kapur S, Geller D, Fung JJ, Pinna A. Excision and immediate revascularization for hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1999;31(1-2):443.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Boleslawski E, Bouras AF, Truant S, Liddo G, Herrero A, Badic B, et al. Hepatic artery ligation for arterial rupture following liver transplantation: a reasonable option. American J Transpl. 2013;13(4):1055–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Woo DH, Laberge JM, Gordon RL, Wilson MW, Kerlan RK Jr. Management of portal venous complications after liver transplantation. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007;10(3):233–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Orlandini M, Feier FH, Jaeger B, Kieling C, Vieira SG, Zanotelli ML. Frequency of and factors associated with vascular complications after pediatric liver transplantation. J Pediatr. 2014;90(2):169–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Schmitz V, Schoening W, Jelkmann I, Globke B, Pascher A, Bahra M, et al. Different cava reconstruction techniques in liver transplantation: piggyback versus cava resection. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2014;13(3):242–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Buell JF, Funaki B, Cronin DC, Yoshida A, Perlman MK, Lorenz J, et al. Long-term venous complications after full-size and segmental pediatric liver transplantation. Ann Surg. 2002;236(5):658–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Sanchez-Bueno F, Hernandez Q, Ramirez P, Robles R, Acosta F, Rodriguez JM, et al. Vascular complications in a series of 300 orthotopic liver transplants. Transplant Proc. 1999;31(6):2409–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lerut J, Tzakis AG, Bron K, Gordon RD, Iwatsuki S, Esquivel CO, et al. Complications of venous reconstruction in human orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg. 1987;205(4):404–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Lee SJ, Kim KW, Kim SY, Park YS, Lee J, Kim HJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced sonography for screening of vascular complication in recipients following living donor liver transplantation. J Clin Ultrasound. 2013;41(5):305–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lee H, Lim CW, Yoo SH, Koo CH, Kwon WI, Suh KS, et al. The effect of Doppler ultrasound on early vascular interventions and clinical outcomes after liver transplantation. World J Surg. 2014;38(12):3202–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kensinger CD, Sexton KW, Baron CM, Lipnik AJ, Meranze SG, Gorden DL. Management of portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation with a combined open and endovascular approach. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(1):132–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Liu FY, Wang MQ, Fan QS, Duan F, Wang ZJ, Song P. Interventional treatment for symptomatic acute-subacute portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(40):5028–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Cherukuri R, Haskal ZJ, Naji A, Shaked A. Percutaneous thrombolysis and stent placement for the treatment of portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation: long-term follow-up. Transplantation. 1998;65(8):1124–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Baccarani U, Gasparini D, Risaliti A, Vianello V, Adani GL, Sainz M, et al. Percutaneous mechanical fragmentation and stent placement for the treatment of early posttransplantation portal vein thrombosis. Transplantation. 2001;72(9):1572–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lopez-Benitez R, Barragan-Campos HM, Richter GM, Sauer P, Mehrabi A, Fonouni H, et al. Interventional radiologic procedures in the treatment of complications after liver transplantation. Clin Transpl. 2009;23(Suppl 21):92–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Cavallari A, Vivarelli M, Bellusci R, Jovine E, Mazziotti A, Rossi C. Treatment of vascular complications following liver transplantation: multidisciplinary approach. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2001;48(37):179–83.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Porrett PM, Hsu J, Shaked A. Late surgical complications following liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2009;15(Suppl 2):S12–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Guckelberger O, Bechstein WO, Langrehr JM, Kratschmer B, Loeffel J, Settmacher U, et al. Successful recanalization of late portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation using systemic low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Transplant Int. 1999;12(4):273–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Schneider N, Scanga A, Stokes L, Perri R. Portal vein stenosis: a rare yet clinically important cause of delayed-onset ascites after adult deceased donor liver transplantation: two case reports. Transplant Proc. 2011;43(10):3829–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Wei BJ, Zhai RY, Wang JF, Dai DK, Yu P. Percutaneous portal venoplasty and stenting for anastomotic stenosis after liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(15):1880–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Huang TL, Cheng YF, Chen TY, Tsang LL, Ou HY, Yu CY, et al. Doppler ultrasound evaluation of postoperative portal vein stenosis in adult living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2010;42(3):879–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Shibata T, Itoh K, Kubo T, Maetani Y, Shibata T, Togashi K, et al. Percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilation of portal venous stenosis in patients with living donor liver transplantation. Radiology. 2005;235(3):1078–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Shiba H, Sadaoka S, Wakiyama S, Ishida Y, Misawa T, Yanaga K. Successful treatment by balloon angioplasty under portography for late-onset stenosis of portal vein after cadaveric liver transplantation. Int Surg. 2013;98(4):466–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Glanemann M, Settmacher U, Langrehr JM, Kling N, Hidajat N, Stange B, et al. Portal vein angioplasty using a transjugular, intrahepatic approach for treatment of extrahepatic portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation. Transplant Int. 2001;14(1):48–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Sanada Y, Kawano Y, Mizuta K, Egami S, Hayashida M, Wakiya T, et al. Strategy to prevent recurrent portal vein stenosis following interventional radiology in pediatric liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2010;16(3):332–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Navarro F, Le Moine MC, Fabre JM, Belghiti J, Cherqui D, Adam R, et al. Specific vascular complications of orthotopic liver transplantation with preservation of the retrohepatic vena cava: review of 1361 cases. Transplantation. 1999;68(5):646–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Darcy MD. Management of venous outflow complications after liver transplantation. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007;10(3):240–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kishi Y, Sugawara Y, Matsui Y, Akamatsu N, Makuuchi M. Late onset portal vein thrombosis and its risk factors. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2008;55(84):1008–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Cherqui D, Lauzet JY, Rotman N, Duvoux C, Dhumeaux D, Julien M, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation with preservation of the caval and portal flows. Technique and results in 62 cases. Transplantation. 1994;58(7):793–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Lorenz JM, van Beek D, Funaki B, Van Ha TG, Zangan S, Navuluri R, et al. Long-term outcomes of percutaneous venoplasty and Gianturco stent placement to treat obstruction of the inferior vena cava complicating liver transplantation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2014;37(1):114–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Saad WE. Nonocclusive hepatic artery hypoperfusion syndrome (splenic steal syndrome) in liver transplant recipients. Semin Interv Radiol. 2012;29(2):140–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Quintini C, Hirose K, Hashimoto K, Diago T, Aucejo F, Eghtesad B, et al. “splenic artery steal syndrome” is a misnomer: the cause is portal hyperperfusion, not arterial siphon. Liver Transpl. 2008;14(3):374–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Mogl MT, Nussler NC, Presser SJ, Podrabsky P, Denecke T, Grieser C, et al. Evolving experience with prevention and treatment of splenic artery syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Int. 2010;23(8):831–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Troisi R, Ricciardi S, Smeets P, Petrovic M, Van Maele G, Colle I, et al. Effects of hemi-portocaval shunts for inflow modulation on the outcome of small-for-size grafts in living donor liver transplantation. American J Transpl. 2005;5(6):1397–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Saad WE, Davies MG, Rubens DJ, Sahler LG, Patel NC, Lee DE, et al. Endoluminal management of arterioportal fistulae in liver transplant recipients: a single-center experience. Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2006;40(6):451–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Interventional Radiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India

    Arun Gupta, Amey Narkhede & Ajit Kumar Yadav

Authors
  1. Arun Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amey Narkhede
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ajit Kumar Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Amar Mukund

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gupta, A., Narkhede, A., Yadav, A.K. (2021). Vascular Complications after Hepatic Transplantation: Role of Interventional Radiology in Management. In: Mukund, A. (eds) Basics of Hepatobiliary Interventions. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6856-5_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6856-5_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6855-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6856-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation