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The Role of Glycaemic Control in Cognitive Functioning

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Chemically Modified Minds

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Abstract

Effective glycaemic control is vitally important to protecting brain function, as the brain relies primarily on circulatory blood glucose crossing the blood-brain barrier for continuous energy provision.

The link between poor glucoregulation and cognitive deficits is well established, specifically for declarative memory and executive functioning (Messier, European Journal of Pharmacology, 490(1–3), 33–57, 2004; Smith, Riby, Eekelen, & Foster, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(3), 770–783, 2011a). Perhaps more alarmingly, cognitive deficits can also be detected in subclinical populations (Lamport, Lawton, Mansfield, & Dye, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(3), 394–413, 2009). The prevalence of glucoregulatory disorders (e.g. diabetes and metabolic syndrome) is increasing at a phenomenal rate, as are the associated health burdens and diminished neurocognitive functioning.

This chapter considers the role of glycaemic control (glucoregulation) and circulatory glucose levels on cognitive functioning. Through first considering the mechanisms of action, this chapter discusses the specific elements of cognition that appear to be susceptible to fluctuating glucose levels and decrements in glycaemic control. This chapter briefly explores clinical populations exhibiting cognitive decrements for which declining glucoregulation is a key feature of the pathology (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease). Considerations of how we might exploit glycaemic control through acute ingestion, to elicit performance enhancements and the implications/ramifications thereof are discussed. The chapter concludes by cautioning the responsible use of acute ingestion as a short-term cognitive enhancer in select populations, with strategies for stabilising and optimising glycaemic control being more effective long term to minimise glucoregulatory disorders and associated cognitive decline.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, UK

    Dr Jade M. Elliott

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  1. Arden University, Coventry, UK

    Matthew Hall

  2. Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

    Mark Forshaw

  3. Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

    Catharine Montgomery

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Elliott, J.M. (2021). The Role of Glycaemic Control in Cognitive Functioning. In: Hall, M., Forshaw, M., Montgomery, C. (eds) Chemically Modified Minds. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6771-1_6

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