Abstract
This introductory chapter elaborates on multiple perspectives on the relationship between creativity and spatiality. It starts by describing the role of context (local milieu) within the creative ecosystem. Next, important terms for the book such as social creativity and creative capacity are presented. Finally, the chapter maps the basic interdependencies between actors in the creative ecosystem and describes different dimensions of urban creativity. Particular attention is paid to the micro (local) dimensions of creativity with occasional “excursions” into the analysis of macro (top-down) influences on creativity in Tokyo.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Knowledgescapes are contexts in which different knowledge cultures constitute distinctive knowledge-based forms of habitus in a specific part of city or region. This knowledgescapes heuristics analyzes and compares formal and informal interaction networks and milieus according to particular, distinctive developmental pathways within knowledge-based spatial dynamics (Matthiesen, 2006, 2007).
References
Amabile, T. M. (1983). Social psychology of creativity. Springer-Verlag.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5533-8
Bargh, J. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, efficiency, intentions and control. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 1–40). Erlbaum.
Briskman, L. (1980). Creative product and creative process in science and art. Inquiry, 23(1), 83–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201748008601892
Clark, T. N. (Ed.). (2004). The city as an entertainment machine. Elsevier/JAI.
Clitheroe, H. C., Stokols, D., & Zmuidzinas, M. (1998). Conceptualizing the context of environment and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1998.0091
Cohendet, P., Grandadam, D., & Simon, L. (2010). The anatomy of the creative city. Industry & Innovation, 17(1), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662710903573869
Cool Japan Movement Promotion Council. (2014). Cool Japan proposal NAVI. Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Retrieved March 13, 2016, from http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/cool_japan/pdf/teigen_e.pdf
Cunningham, S. (2013). Hidden innovation: Policy, industry and the creative sector. University of Queensland Press.
Cunningham, S., & Higgs, P. (2009). Measuring creative employment: Implications for innovation policy. Innovation, 11(2), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.11.2.190
De Jesus, D. M.-R. (2013). Street conviviality in Shimokitazawa: An assessment method for the socio-spatial dynamics of creative industries (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Tokyo.
Demetriadis, S. N., Papadopoulos, P. M., & Tsoukalas, I. A. (2005). Bridging the contextual distance: The e-CASE learning environment for supporting students’ context awareness. In P. Bozanis & E. N. Houstis (Eds.), Advances in informatics (Vol. 3746, pp. 523–533). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11573036_49
DeNatale, D., & Wassall, G. H. (2006). Creative economy research in New England: A reexamination. New England Foundation for the Arts.
Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. (2001). Creative industries mapping document 2001. Retrieved September 12, 2012, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080727021512/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/publications/4632.aspx
Ericsson, K. A. (Ed.). (1996). The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fischer, G. (2013). Learning, social creativity, and cultures of participation. In A. Sannino (Ed.), Learning and collective creativity: Activity-theoretical and sociocultural studies (pp. 198–215). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203077351
Florida, R., Gates, G., Knudsen, B., & Stolarick, K. (2006). The university and the creative economy. Creative class group. Retrieved September 21, 2019, from http://creativeclassgroup.com/rfcgdb/articles/University%20For%20City%20and%20Community%204.pdf
Florida, R. L. (2002). The rise of the creative class: And how it’s transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. Pluto Press.
Florida, R. L. (2005). Cities and the creative class. Routledge.
Ford, C. M. (1996). A theory of individual creative action in multiple social domains. The Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1112. https://doi.org/10.2307/259166
Frensch, P. A., & Funke, J. (1995). Definitions, traditions, and a general framework for understanding complex problem solving. In P. A. Frensch & J. Funke (Eds.), Complex problem solving: The European perspective (pp. 3–25). Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.11588/HEIDOK.00008205
Gardner, H. (1988). Creative lives and creative works: A synthetic scientific approach. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp. 298–321). Cambridge University Press.
Giaccardi, E., & Fischer, G. (2008). Creativity and evolution: A metadesign perspective. Digital Creativity, 19(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626260701847456
Gielen, P. (2013). Creativity and other fundamentalisms. Mondriaan Fund.
Glaeser, E. (2004). Book Review of Richard Florida’s “The Rise of the Creative Class.” Retrieved August 10, 2019, from https://scholar.harvard.edu/glaeser/publications/book-review-richard-floridas-rise-creative-class
Hearn, G. (2014). Creative occupations as knowledge practices: Innovation and precarity in the creative economy. Cultural Science Journal, 7(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.5334/csci.65
Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245
Isaac, L. (2008a). Counterframes and allegories of evil: Characterizations of labor by gilded age elites. Work and Occupations, 35(4), 388–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888408325307
Isaac, L. (2008b). Movement of movements: Culture moves in the long civil rights struggle. Social Forces, 87(1), 33–63. JSTOR.
Jeffcutt, P. (2004). Knowledge relationships and transactions in a cultural economy: Analysing the creative industries ecosystem. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy, 112(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X0411200107
Kim, C. (2017). Locating creative city policy in East Asia: Neoliberalism, developmental state and assemblage of East Asian cities. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 23(3), 312–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2015.1048242
Klausmeier, H. J. (1961). Learning and human abilities: Educational psychology (3rd ed.). Harper & Row.
Krätke, S. (2010). “Creative cities” and the rise of the dealer class: A critique of Richard Florida’s approach to urban theory. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34(4), 835–853. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00939.x
Lazzeretti, L. (2009). The creative capacity of culture and the new creative milieu. In G. Becattini, M. Bellandi, & L. De Propis (Eds.), A handbook of industrial districts (pp. 281–294). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781007808
Lazzeretti, L. (2012, May 13–15). The remarkable resilience of Florence, city of art. Paper presented at Regional Studies Association European Conference “Networked regions and cities in times of fragmentation: Developing smart, sustainable and inclusive places.” Delft University of Technology.
Long, H., & Pang, W. (2015). Rater effects in creativity assessment: A mixed methods investigation. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 15, 13–25.
Malanga, S. (2004). The curse of the creative class. City Journal, 36–45.
Markusen, A., Wassall, G. H., DeNatale, D., & Cohen, R. (2008). Defining the creative economy: Industry and occupational approaches. Economic Development Quarterly, 22(1), 24–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242407311862
Matthiesen, U. (2006). Raum und Wissen. Wissensmilieus und KnowledgeScapes als Inkubatoren für zukunftsfähige stadtregionale Entwicklungsdynamiken? [Space and knowledge: Knowledge milieus and knowledgescapes as incubators for sustainable urban development dynamics]. In D. Tänzler, H. Knoblauch, & H.-G. Soeffner (Eds.), Zur Kritik der Wissensgesellschaft (pp. 155–188). UVK Verlagsgesellschaft.
Matthiesen, U. (2007). Wissensmilieus und Knowledgescapes [Knowledge milieus and knowledgescapes]. In R. Schützeichel (Ed.), Handbuch Wissenssoziologie und Wissensforschung (pp. 679–693). UVK Verlagsgesellschaft.
Mayer, R. E. (1999). Fifty years of creativity research. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 449–460). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807916.024
Meusburger, P. (2009). Milieus of creativity: The role of places, environments, and spatial contexts. In P. Meusburger, J. Funke, & E. Wunder (Eds.), Milieus of creativity (Vol. 2, pp. 97–153). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9877-2_7
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. (2012a). Cool Japan strategy (Modified version of the interim report submitted to the Cool Japan Advisory Council). Retrieved July 18, 2016, from https://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/mono_info_service/creative_industries/pdf/121016_01a.pdf
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. (2012b). The creative Tokyo proposal: Moving towards creative Tokyo—Transforming Tokyo into a creative hub. Retrieved June 15, 2018, from https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/mono_info_service/mono/creative/creative_tokyo/about/sengen_en.html
Montuouri, A., & Purser, R. (1997). Social creativity: The challenge of complexity. Translation of Le dimensioni sociali della creatività. Pluriverso, 1(2), 78–88.
Mu, J., Peng, G., & Love, E. (2008). Interfirm networks, social capital, and knowledge flow. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(4), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270810884273
Mumford, M. D. (1995). Situational influences on creative achievement: Attributions or interactions? Creativity Research Journal, 8(4), 405–412. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj0804_7
Öztürk, P., & Aamodt, A. (1998). A context model for knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 48(3), 331–355. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1997.0174
Park, B.-G., Hill, R. C., & Saito, A. (2012). Locating neoliberalism in East Asia: Neoliberalizing spaces in developmental states. Wiley-Blackwell. Retrieved from https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=91ec85b3-dce2-47bb-910c-a001833184f0
Peck, J. (2005). Struggling with the creative class. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29(4), 740–770. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x
Pratt, A. C. (2004). Creative clusters: Towards the governance of the creative industries production system? Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy, 112(1), 50–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X0411200106
Rausch, S., & Negrey, C. (2006). Does the creative engine run? A consideration of the effect of creative class on economic strength and growth. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(5), 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2006.00310.x
Rivas, M. (2011). From creative industries to the creative place: Refreshing the local development agenda in small and medium-sized towns. URBACT. Retrieved from https://urbact.eu/sites/default/files/import/Projects/Creative_Clusters/documents_media/from_creative_industries_to_the_creative_place.pdf
Sailer, K. (2011). Creativity as social and spatial process. Facilities, 29(1–2), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632771111101296
Sassen, S. (2001). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.
Scott, S. J. (2000). The cultural economy of cities: Essays on the geography of image-producing industries. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446217481.
Simmie, J. (Ed.). (2001). Innovative cities. Spon Press.
Simonton, D. K. (2000). Creativity: Cognitive, personal, developmental, and social aspects. American Psychologist, 55(1), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.151
Tokyo Metropolitan Government. (2013). Tōkyō no kokusai kyōsōryoku no issō no kyōka ni muketa toshisaisei no suishin [Promoting urban regeneration toward a higher international competitiveness for Tokyo]. Bureau of Urban Development.
Tokyo Metropolitan Government. (2014). Tokyo-to chōki bijon [Long-term vision of the TMG]. Author.
Tokyo Metropolitan Government. (2015). Tokyo vision for arts and culture. Bureau of Citizens and Cultural Affairs. Retrieved August 28, 2017, from http://www.seikatubunka.metro.tokyo.jp/en/vision.html
True, S. (1966). A study of the relation of general semantics and creativity. The Journal of Experimental Education, 34(3), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1966.11010934
Wierenga, B., & van Bruggen, G. H. (1998). The dependent variable in research into the effects of creativity support systems: Quality and quantity of ideas. MIS Quarterly, 22(1), 81–87.
Zheng, X.-P. (2001). Determinants of agglomeration economies and diseconomies. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 35(2), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0121(00)00008-2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ursic, M., Imai, H. (2020). Introduction. In: Creativity in Tokyo. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6687-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6687-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6686-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6687-5
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)