Abstract
This chapter describes the adaptive process in System of Systems (SoS) approach, which is a critical factor in the development of a Super Smart Society from a micro–macro link perspective. The adaptive process is primarily produced from the interaction between the individual and systems levels, which is considered as a micro–macro loop composed of two learning processes: goal-seeking behavior by individual-level single-loop learning that does not modify the internal model of an individual system, and systems-level double-loop learning that modifies the internal model of an individual system and shares the internal models throughout the whole system. The micro–macro loop forms a three-dimensional spiral process rather than a planar loop process, and drives the SoS adaptation process.
Adapted from Shingo Takahashi, “Toward Modeling Learning Behavior from a Micro-Macro Link Perspective (written in Japanese),” Journal of The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, Vol. 55, No. 8, pp. 686–691 (2016). Partly translated by permission of The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers.
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Takahashi, S. (2021). Toward Modeling Learning Behavior from a Micro–Macro Link Perspective. In: Kaihara, T., Kita, H., Takahashi, S. (eds) Innovative Systems Approach for Designing Smarter World. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6651-6_8
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