Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) is in dire need of prudent disposal due to its abundant organics, as well as the latent refractory contaminants and heavy metals, for instance. Applications of surfactants, especially biosurfactant, provided comprehensive opportunities for WAS treatment via alleviating the stiff protection of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix and microbial cell wall, facilitating the value-added bio-metabolites and energy recovery, decontaminating the refractory organics, dehydrating WAS flocs, and removing heavy metals. In this chapter, applications of surfactants for the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) extraction was covered with specific attention on the promotion of both hydrolysis and acidification via increasing available organics and hydrolyzing enzyme, as well as inhibiting the methanogenesis step. Also, the effect of surfactants on bio-energy recovery, including methane and hydrogen, was discussed. Benefited from the surfactant pretreatment in anaerobic digestion (AD) process, the performance in sludge dewaterability was comprehended. Due to the hydrophobic nature of some refractory organics, the surfactant micelles were employed to decontaminate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dyes and, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in WAS. Furthermore, recent efforts in heavy metal desorption from sludge flocs were addressed. Finally, state-of-the-art processes to promote organics biotransformation from WAS were presented, including co-pretreatment, interfacing AD with bioelectrochemical systems and optimizing process conditions.
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This chapter was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 52070139), by the Key Research and Development (R&D) Project of Shanxi Province (No. 201903D321057 and 201903D321055) and the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China (Major Science and Technology Program, No. 2019YFC0408601 and 2019YFC0408602).
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Zhou, A. et al. (2021). Applications of Biosurfactant for Microbial Bioenergy/Value-Added Bio-Metabolite Recovery from Waste Activated Sludge. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M.I., Prasad, R. (eds) Microbial Biosurfactants. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6607-3_11
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