Abstract
Casoxins are food exorphins released from the κ-casein of milk protein. The genetic variants of κ-casein are AA, AB, BB, AC, BC, and AE. AA, AB, and BC κ-casein variants show casein micelle with diameters less than 200 nm and remaining variants form greater than 200 nm. Many reports establish BB fraction with increased and stronger gelling properties and better suitability for the preparation of cheeses. Casoxin A (YPSYGLN), B (YPYY), C (YIPIQYVLSR), and D (YVPFPPF) are protein fragments from 35–41, 57–60, 25–34, and 158–164, respectively, of κ-casein milk protein. Casoxins act as an opioid antagonist for the opioid receptors. Casoxin A has selectivity for all the three opioid receptors (μ/δ/κ). Casoxin D has selectivity for either μ or δ-opioid receptors. Casoxin B and C have an affinity for the only μ-opioid receptor. Casoxins have been reported to reverse the inhibitory action in the contractions induced by morphine in guinea pigs and mice in vitro. These exorphins have potential immunomodulatory roles in newborns that may be of the clinical significance in allergic diseases. It is suggested that these exorphins may have tremendous scope in the food and pharmacological industry.
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Ul Haq, M.R. (2020). Casoxins. In: Opioid Food Peptides. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6102-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6102-3_5
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